一、中译英
参考译文
二、英译中
参考译文
三、重点词汇讲解
▎中译英重点词汇
| 中文 | 英文 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 数字政府 | digital government | The digital government improves services. (数字政府改善服务。) |
| 国家治理体系与治理能力现代化 | modernization of the state governance system and capacity | This advances the modernization of the state governance system and capacity. (这推进国家治理体系与治理能力现代化。) |
| 数据共享 | data sharing | Through data sharing, efficiency rises. (通过数据共享提升效率。) |
| 业务协同 | business coordination | Business coordination links departments. (==业务协同~~联通各部门。) |
| 政务服务 | government services | More government services go online. (更多政务服务上线。) |
| 网上办、掌上办、一次办 | available online, on mobile, in a single visit | Services are available online, on mobile, in a single visit. (服务实现网上办、掌上办、一次办。) |
| 便利度 | ease of access / convenience | The ease of access has risen. (==便利度~~显著提升。) |
| 数字技术应用 | application of digital technologies | We speed up the application of digital technologies. (我们加快数字技术应用。) |
▎英译中重点词汇
| 英文 | 中文 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| human officials | 公职人员,公务员 | It won't replace human officials. (它不会取代==公职人员~~。) |
| public services | 公共服务 | Make public services faster. (让==公共服务~~更迅捷。) |
| applications are submitted | 申请被提交 | Applications are submitted online. (==申请被提交~~于线上。) |
| appointments are confirmed | 预约被确认 | Appointments are confirmed by text. (==预约被确认~~以短信。) |
| personal data | 个人数据 | Personal data is collected hugely. (==个人数据~~被海量收集。) |
| citizens' trust | 公民信任 | Citizens' trust can be lost. (==公民信任~~可能丧失。) |
| transparency | 透明度 | Transparency keeps the system honest. (==透明度~~维持系统诚信。) |
| keep the system honest | 维持系统诚信 | We must keep the system honest. (我们必须维持系统诚信。) |
四、翻译技巧:被动语态 Passive voice
📖 定义
被动语态指以动作的承受者作主语,用「be + 过去分词」结构表达,强调受事而非施事。汉英转换中,被动极常见:汉语多用「被/受/遭/由/为…所」或无主语句隐含被动,英语则大量使用被动以显客观、避主观。处理被动的核心原则是「顺其自然」——目标语哪里自然就用哪里,不必逐字对应「被」字。
🎯 适用场景
汉→英 无主语句转被动:汉语「实现/提高/重视」常无主语,英译补出受事主语并用被动(have been made / is stressed)。
英→汉 被动转无主语句:英语 are submitted / is confirmed,汉译常省「被」,用「申请在线提交」更自然。
英→汉 保留被动:确需强调受动或受损时用「被/遭」,如信任被丧失不通则转主动。
汉→英 被动显化:原文「转变」隐含服务被转变,英译用 being done 显化,避免主语错配。
原文:近年来,越来越多的政务服务实现「网上办、掌上办、一次办」,群众办事的便利度显著提升。
译文:In recent years, a growing number of government services have been made available online, on mobile devices and in a single visit…
说明:汉语无主语「实现」,英译补出 services 作主语并用被动 have been made available,既合语法又显客观,是汉→英被动的典型套路。
原文:In many cities, applications are submitted online, appointments are confirmed by text message…
译文:在许多城市,申请在线提交,预约以短信确认……
说明:英语被动 are submitted / are confirmed,汉译省去「被」字,用「申请在线提交」无主语句承接,自然不生硬;硬加「被」反而翻译腔。
原文:…and if it is not protected well, citizens' trust can be lost.
译文:…若保护不善,公民的信任就会丧失。
说明:can be lost 表「信任受损」,汉译用「丧失」主动化;「被丧失」不通,故转主动。仅在确需强调受动时保留「被」。
原文:我们要加快数字技术应用,推动政务服务从「能办」向「好办」转变。
译文:We must accelerate the application of digital technologies and shift government services from being 'doable' to being 'easy to do'.
说明:原文「转变」隐含服务「被转变」,英译用 shift … from being … to being … 显化被动含义,避免直译 turn 造成主语错配。
受事优先则被动:当要突出动作承受者或施事不明,用被动最自然。
英→汉少「被」多无主:中文被动字包袱重,多数英语被动可译为无主语句或主动。
受损/遭变才显「被」:被批评、被破坏等负面受动才保留「被/遭」。
勿强转:目标语本就用主动更顺时,不必硬套被动;被动只为消除别扭与突出受事。