CATTI 二级笔译每日练习

2026-08-16 · 星期日
今日主题:科技创新与高质量发展

一、中译英

中文原文
科技创新是国家发展的核心驱动力。近年来,我国深入实施创新驱动发展战略,全社会研发经费投入持续增加,重大原创成果不断涌现。人工智能、量子信息、生物医药等前沿领域取得重要突破。我们要进一步完善科技创新体制机制,强化企业创新主体地位,营造有利于人才脱颖而出的良好生态。
参考译文
Technological innovation is the core driving force behind a nation's development. In recent years, China has further implemented the innovation-driven development strategy, with total R&D spending across society steadily rising and a stream of major original achievements emerging one after another. Important breakthroughs have been made in frontier fields such as artificial intelligence, quantum information and biomedicine. We must further improve the institutions and mechanisms for scientific and technological innovation, strengthen the principal role of enterprises in innovation, and foster a sound ecosystem in which talent can stand out.

二、英译中

英文原文
Innovation sits at the heart of high-quality development. China is racing to build a modern industrial system led by advanced manufacturing and digital technology. Young scientists and start-ups are given stronger support, while tax breaks encourage firms to spend more on research. Breakthroughs in chips, new materials and clean energy are turning from lab results into real products. Observers say that, to sustain momentum, the country must keep opening its doors and attract global talent, because no nation can innovate alone in a connected world.
参考译文
创新处于高质量发展的核心位置。中国正奋力构建以先进制造与数字技术为引领的现代化产业体系。年轻科学家和初创企业获得更有力的支持,而税收减免则鼓励企业加大研发投入。芯片、新材料与清洁能源领域的突破正从实验室成果转化为现实产品。观察者指出,为保持势头,该国必须持续敞开大门、吸引全球人才,因为在一个互联的世界里,没有任何国家能够独自创新。

三、重点词汇讲解

▎中译英重点词汇

中文英文例句
科技创新technological innovation / science and technology innovationTechnological innovation drives national development. (科技创新驱动国家发展。)
核心驱动力core driving forceInnovation is the core driving force. (创新是核心驱动力。)
创新驱动发展innovation-driven developmentWe pursue innovation-driven development. (我们奉行创新驱动发展。)
研发经费投入R&D spending / investment in R&DTotal R&D spending keeps rising. (~~研发经费投入~~ R&D spending 持续增加。)
前沿领域frontier fieldsBreakthroughs appeared in frontier fields. (~~前沿领域~~ frontier fields 取得突破。)
体制机制institutions and mechanismsWe improve the institutions and mechanisms for innovation. (我们完善创新的体制机制。)
企业创新主体地位the principal role of enterprises in innovationStrengthen the principal role of enterprises in innovation. (强化企业创新主体地位。)
人才脱颖而出talent can stand outFoster a system where talent can stand out. (营造~~人才脱颖而出~~的体系。)

▎英译中重点词汇

英文中文例句
high-quality development高质量发展Innovation sits at the heart of high-quality development. (创新处于高质量发展的核心。)
modern industrial system现代化产业体系China builds a modern industrial system. (中国构建现代化产业体系。)
tax breaks税收减免,税收优惠Tax breaks encourage more R&D. (==税收减免~~鼓励更多研发。)
lab results实验室成果They turn lab results into products. (它们把实验室成果变成产品。)
sustain momentum保持势头,维持动能The country must sustain momentum. (该国必须保持势头。)
global talent全球人才It attracts global talent. (它吸引全球人才。)
connected world互联的世界,紧密联系的世界No one innovates alone in a connected world. (在==互联的世界~~里无人能独自创新。)
start-ups初创企业Young start-ups get support. (年轻~~初创企业~~获支持。)

四、翻译技巧:词性转换 Conversion

词性转换 Conversion

📖 定义

词性转换指在翻译中,由于源语与目标语在词性分布、搭配习惯和句法功能上的差异,将原文某一词性的词语在译文中转换为另一词性,以获得自然、地道的表达。常见类型包括:动词转名词、名词转动词、形容词转副词、副词转形容词、介词转连词等。转换不改变原意,只调整词在句中的作用,是突破「对字硬译」的关键手法。

🎯 适用场景

动→名:汉语多用动词,英语喜用名词;「科技创新」译 technological innovation(创→innovation 名词)。

名→动:英语名词在汉译时常转动词,如 tax breaks encourage → 税收减免「鼓励」(breaks 名词转动词「减免/带来」)。

形→副 / 副→形:修饰关系不同,如 he drove fast → 他开得「快」(fast 形容词作副词);a quiet breakfast → 「安静地」吃早餐。

介→连:英语介词短语汉译常转连词,显化逻辑。

名→形:如 a talent of vision → 有「远见」的人才。

保持搭配自然:转换后以目标语读者的语感为准,不强行保留原词性。

示例1:动词转名词(汉→英)

原文:科技创新是国家发展的核心驱动力。

译文:Technological innovation is the core driving force behind a nation's development.

说明:「创新」原文为动词性,英译转名词 innovation,与 technological 构成名词短语,符合英语静态倾向。

示例2:名词转动词(英→汉)

原文:…while tax breaks encourage firms to spend more on research.

译文:…而税收减免则鼓励企业加大研发投入。

说明:breaks 为名词,汉译转为动词「减免」,符合中文动词优势,比「税收中断」自然。

示例3:形容词转副词(英→汉)

原文:China is racing to build a modern industrial system…

译文:中国正奋力构建现代化产业体系……

说明:racing 表状态,汉译用副词「奋力」修饰「构建」,比「竞争地构建」通顺。

示例4:名词转动词(汉→英,反向)

原文:我们要进一步完善科技创新体制机制。

译文:We must further improve the institutions and mechanisms for scientific and technological innovation.

说明:「体制」「机制」原文名词,英译保留名词 institutions and mechanisms;此处反向说明——并非所有词都需转换,按目标语搭配定夺。

先定主干再调词性:弄清句子主谓宾后,看哪个词在目标语里更自然作何种词性。

勿为转而转:源语目标语词性恰当时不必强转,转换只为消除别扭。

留意派生词:英语大量名词由动词派生(development, improvement),汉译时按需转回动词。

对照语感:译完读一遍,若某处「卡顿」,常是词性没顺过来;尝试转换往往立解。