CATTI 二级笔译每日练习

2026-08-15 · 星期六
今日主题:生态文明与绿色发展

一、中译英

中文原文
生态文明建设是关系中华民族永续发展的根本大计。党的十八大以来,我国坚持绿水青山就是金山银山的理念,把生态文明建设摆在全局工作的突出位置,生态文明建设取得历史性成就。污染防治攻坚战深入推进,主要污染物排放持续下降,生态环境质量明显改善。我们要牢固树立社会主义生态文明观,推动形成人与自然和谐发展的现代化建设新格局。
参考译文
Building an eco-civilization is a fundamental strategy vital to the sustainable development of the Chinese nation. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the country has upheld the philosophy that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets, placed eco-civilization high on the agenda of its overall work, and achieved historic gains in this regard. The critical battle against pollution has been driven forward, the discharge of major pollutants has kept falling, and the quality of the eco-environment has improved markedly. We must firmly establish a socialist vision of eco-civilization and foster a new model of modernization in which humanity and nature develop in harmony.

二、英译中

英文原文
A green and low-carbon way of life is taking root in China. Across cities and villages, solar panels and electric vehicles are becoming commonplace, and public awareness of environmental protection keeps rising. The country has pledged to peak carbon dioxide emissions before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060. To meet these goals, green industries are expanding, and traditional factories are being upgraded to save energy and cut pollution. Experts note that the transition, though costly in the short run, will bring lasting benefits to both the economy and the planet.
参考译文
绿色低碳的生活方式正在中国扎根。在城市与乡村,太阳能板和电动汽车变得 commonplace,公众的环保意识不断提升。该国已承诺在 2030 年前实现二氧化碳排放达峰、在 2060 年前实现碳中和。为达成这些目标,绿色产业正在扩张,传统工厂也正被改造以节能减污。专家指出,这一转型尽管短期代价不菲,却将为经济与地球带来持久的益处。

三、重点词汇讲解

▎中译英重点词汇

中文英文例句
生态文明建设building an eco-civilization / eco-civilization developmentBuilding an eco-civilization is vital to sustainable growth. (生态文明建设对可持续发展至关重要。)
绿水青山就是金山银山lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assetsThe idea that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets guides policy. (绿水青山就是金山银山的理念指导着政策。)
污染防治攻坚战the critical battle against pollutionThe critical battle against pollution has been driven forward. (污染防治攻坚战持续深入推进。)
主要污染物major pollutantsDischarge of major pollutants keeps falling. (主要污染物排放持续下降。)
生态环境质量the quality of the eco-environmentThe quality of the eco-environment has improved markedly. (生态环境质量明显改善。)
人与自然和谐共生harmony between humanity and natureWe seek harmony between humanity and nature. (我们追求人与自然和谐共生。)
永续发展sustainable developmentEco-civilization matters for sustainable development. (生态文明关乎永续发展。)
碳达峰peak carbon emissionsThe country will peak carbon emissions before 2030. (该国将在2030年前碳达峰。)

▎英译中重点词汇

英文中文例句
take root扎根,深入人心A low-carbon lifestyle is taking root in China. (低碳生活方式正在中国扎根。)
carbon neutrality碳中和The goal is carbon neutrality by 2060. (目标是2060年前实现碳中和。)
peak carbon dioxide emissions二氧化碳排放达峰It pledged to peak carbon dioxide emissions before 2030. (它承诺2030年前二氧化碳排放达峰。)
green industries绿色产业Green industries are expanding fast. (绿色产业正快速扩张。)
in the short run短期内,短期来看The shift is costly in the short run. (这一转型短期代价不菲。)
lasting benefits持久益处,长远效益It will bring lasting benefits to the economy. (它将为经济带来持久益处。)
public awareness公众意识Public awareness of the environment is rising. (环保公众意识在提升。)
save energy节能Factories are upgraded to save energy. (工厂被改造以节能。)

四、翻译技巧:增词法 Amplification

增词法 Amplification

📖 定义

增词法指翻译时在不改变原文基本意思的前提下,根据目标语的语法规则、搭配习惯或逻辑需要,增添原文里没有、但译文里必不可少的词语(如冠词、代词、介词、连词、复数标记、范畴词、概括性词语等),使译文通顺、完整、合乎该语言的表达规范。增词不是添意,而是把原文隐含、被源语省略的成分在译文中明确化。

🎯 适用场景

无主句补主语:汉语常省略主语(「要坚持…」「要牢固树立…」),英译需补出 we / the country / it 等。

增补冠词与单复数:汉语无冠词、名词无单复数标记,英译须为名词补 a/the 及 -s。

增补连接词显化逻辑:汉语重意合,英译常需增补 and / but / because / which 等使因果、转折、修饰关系清晰。

增补介词:汉译英时地点、方式、领域等需补 in / on / of / for 等介词。

增补范畴词或概括词:如把「生态文明建设」译为 building an eco-civilization,用 building 把抽象名词转成动作,补足动宾结构。

增补 it / there 等形式主语或引导词:英语存现句、强调句需要形式主语。

示例1:无主句补出主语与冠词

原文:我们要牢固树立社会主义生态文明观。

译文:We must firmly establish a socialist vision of eco-civilization.

说明:补出主语 we;eco-civilization 前补冠词 a;原文「观」抽象,用 vision of 显化。

示例2:增补动名词与介词补足结构

原文:生态文明建设取得历史性成就。

译文:…and achieved historic gains in building an eco-civilization.

说明:用 building an 把静态名词转为动作,补介词 in,使 achieved 有合理宾语,是增词也是结构补全。

示例3:增补复数与连接词

原文:主要污染物排放持续下降。

译文:The discharge of major pollutants has kept falling.

说明:pollutant 加 -s 表复数;用 the discharge of 重构使主语明确,避免直译 the major pollutants discharge。

示例4:增补形式主语 it / there

原文:绿色低碳的生活方式正在中国扎根。

译文:A green and low-carbon way of life is taking root in China.

说明:补不定冠词 a 表一类事物;补介词 in 标地点;中文无冠词,这些均为必要增词。

增词不增意:所加之词须能在原文逻辑中找到依据,切忌随意发挥、画蛇添足。

优先补语法必需词:英语缺冠词、缺主语、缺连接词会直接语法不通,这类增词最优先。

对照回读:译完一句,遮住原文读英文,若觉得「少了点什么」,往往就是该增的词没补上。

区分增词与阐释:增词法补的是目标语必需的「空词位」,而非把隐含文化信息大段解释;后者属加注,非增词法本意。