CATTI 二级笔译每日练习

2026年7月26日 · 星期日
📌 今日主题:医疗卫生——公共卫生体系建设与健康中国

一、中译英

中文原文
近年来,中国持续推进"健康中国"战略,加快构建强大的公共卫生体系。通过完善疾病预防控制网络、加强基层医疗服务能力、推进"互联网+医疗健康"融合发展,人民群众的健康获得感显著提升。同时,中国积极参与全球卫生治理,向发展中国家提供医疗援助,分享传染病防控经验,为构建人类卫生健康共同体贡献中国力量。此外,中医药在疫情防控中发挥了独特优势,中西医结合的治疗方案取得了良好成效。
参考译文
In recent years, China has steadily advanced the "Healthy China" strategy, accelerating the development of a robust public health system. By strengthening the disease prevention and control network, enhancing primary healthcare service capacity, and promoting the integrated development of "Internet Plus Healthcare," the sense of health gains among the people has been notably improved. At the same time, China actively participates in global health governance, providing medical assistance to developing countries, sharing experience in infectious disease prevention and control, and contributing China's strength to the building of a global community of health for all. In addition, traditional Chinese medicine has played a distinctive role in epidemic response, and the integrated treatment regimen combining Chinese and Western medicine has yielded encouraging results.

二、英译中

英文原文
Public health systems worldwide are under unprecedented strain, revealing deep-seated vulnerabilities that have long been overlooked. The COVID-19 pandemic served as a stark reminder that health security is not merely a national concern but a global public good requiring sustained investment. Countries that had invested heavily in primary care infrastructure, surveillance systems, and a well-trained health workforce proved far more resilient in the face of crisis. However, progress remains uneven: low-income nations still struggle with chronic underfunding, shortages of essential medicines, and limited laboratory capacity. Bridging this gap calls not only for increased development assistance but also for capacity-building partnerships that empower local institutions. The lesson is clear: preparedness is not a cost, but the most cost-effective investment a society can make.
参考译文
全球公共卫生体系正承受着前所未有的压力,暴露出长期以来被忽视的深层次脆弱性。新冠疫情深刻警示我们,卫生安全不仅是国家层面的关切,更是一项需要持续投入的全球公共产品。那些在基层医疗基础设施、监测体系和经过良好培训的卫生人力队伍方面进行了大量投入的国家,在危机面前表现得更有韧性。然而,进展并不均衡:低收入国家仍深陷长期资金不足、基本药品短缺和实验室能力有限等困境。弥合这一差距不仅需要增加发展援助,更需要开展赋能本土机构的能力建设伙伴关系。教训十分明确:防范工作不是成本,而是一个社会所能做出的最具成本效益的投资。

三、重点词汇讲解

▎中译英重点词汇

中文 英文 例句
公共卫生体系 public health system A robust public health system is essential for national security.(强大的公共卫生体系对国家安全至关重要。)
疾病预防控制 disease prevention and control Strengthening disease prevention and control networks is a priority.(加强疾病预防控制网络是一项优先任务。)
基层医疗服务 primary healthcare services Primary healthcare services form the foundation of any health system.(基层医疗服务是任何卫生体系的基础。)
互联网+医疗健康 Internet Plus Healthcare The Internet Plus Healthcare model has expanded access to medical resources.(互联网+医疗健康模式扩大了医疗资源的可及性。)
健康获得感 sense of health gains The people's sense of health gains has been steadily improving.(人民群众的健康获得感持续提升。)
人类卫生健康共同体 a global community of health for all Building a global community of health for all requires international solidarity.(构建人类卫生健康共同体需要国际团结合作。)
中医药 traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) Traditional Chinese medicine has been recognized for its unique therapeutic value.(中医药因其独特治疗价值而获得认可。)
中西医结合 integration of Chinese and Western medicine The integration of Chinese and Western medicine has yielded promising clinical outcomes.(中西医结合取得了良好的临床效果。)

▎英译中重点词汇

英文 中文 例句
unprecedented strain 前所未有的压力 Health systems face unprecedented strain from aging populations.(卫生体系因人口老龄化而承受前所未有的压力。)
deep-seated vulnerabilities 深层次脆弱性 The crisis exposed deep-seated vulnerabilities in supply chains.(危机暴露了供应链的深层次脆弱性。)
global public good 全球公共产品 Health security should be treated as a global public good.(卫生安全应被视为一种全球公共产品。)
health workforce 卫生人力队伍 Investing in the health workforce yields long-term dividends.(投资卫生人力队伍能产生长期回报。)
resilient 有韧性的 A resilient health system can withstand shocks and disruptions.(有韧性的卫生体系能承受冲击和中断。)
chronic underfunding 长期资金不足 Chronic underfunding has crippled many rural clinics.(长期资金不足使许多农村诊所难以为继。)
capacity-building 能力建设 Capacity-building partnerships should empower local institutions.(能力建设伙伴关系应赋能本土机构。)
cost-effective 具有成本效益的 Prevention is the most cost-effective approach to healthcare.(预防是最具有成本效益的医疗方式。)

四、翻译技巧:语态转换——被动与主动的翻译处理

语态转换:被动与主动的翻译处理(Voice Conversion)

📖 定义

语态转换是CATTI考试中的高频考点,指在英汉互译时,根据目标语言的表达习惯,将原文的被动语态转换为主动语态,或根据语境需要将主动转换为被动。英语重形合,被动语态使用频率远高于汉语;汉语重意合,多用主动式表达被动含义(如"受到""得到""遭到""被"等的选择性使用),或通过无主语句、话题句隐去施动者。

🎯 适用场景

1. 英译中时:英语被动句→汉语主动句(最常用),当施动者不明确或不重要时,用"有人""人们""大家"等泛指主语,或用无主语句;
2. 英译中时:英语被动句→汉语"是……的"结构(强调动作本身而非施动者);
3. 中译英时:汉语无主语句或话题句→英语被动句(当施动者不明确时);
4. 保留被动:当需要强调动作承受者或表达消极含义时,中译英可保留被动。

示例 1:英译中——被动转主动

原文:The public health system has been neglected for decades.

直译(保留被动,生硬):公共卫生体系被忽视了数十年。

转主动(自然):公共卫生体系长期遭到忽视

("遭到"兼具被动含义和主动语感,比"被"字句更书面、更自然)

示例 2:英译中——被动转无主语句

原文:Essential medicines must be made available to all who need them.

译文:必须确保所有需要的人都能获得基本药品。

(省略施动者,用"必须确保"开头,符合汉语政论文体)

示例 3:中译英——主动/无主语转被动

原文:过去十年中,我国建成了覆盖城乡的医疗卫生服务网络。

译文:Over the past decade, a medical and health service network covering both urban and rural areas has been established in China.

(施动者"我国"隐含在上下文中,英语被动句突出成果本身)

示例 4:今日练习中的应用

中译英:"健康获得感显著提升"——"提升"为主动式,译为"has been notably improved"(被动),因为英语中"sense of gains"更适合做主语接受动作,而非主动发出。

英译中:"vulnerabilities that have long been overlooked"——译为"长期被忽视的脆弱性",此处保留"被"字是因为:①强调"忽视"这一消极动作;②"被忽视"已是汉语常见搭配,不生硬。

注意事项:
不要"逢被动必转"——当汉语"被"字句读起来通顺自然时(如"被忽视""被认可""被视为"),保留被动即可,强行转换反而生硬。
慎用"被"字——汉语的"被"传统上多用于消极语境(被打、被罚),现代汉语虽已弱化此限制,但政论文体中仍倾向于用"受到""得到""遭到""获""由"等替代。
CATTI扣分点——英译中时通篇"被……被……被……"是最常见的扣分项之一,阅卷老师会判定为"翻译腔过重"。
中译英反之——汉语中大量无主语句如果译为英语主动句会导致主语不明,此时必须补出被动结构或添加形式主语。