把阅读里最高频的改写套路一次攒齐。看到题干词，能立刻在原文认出它的「换皮」，7 分阅读就稳了。
共 328 组 词性替换 68 上下义 53 近义/解释 207同一个意思换词性：名词↔形容词↔动词。题干常把原文的名词改成形容词来考你。
| 原词 / 题干词 | 替换词 / 原文改写 | 中文 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| importance | → | important / significant | 重要性 |
| solve | → | solution | 解决 |
| develop | → | development / developing | 发展 |
| educate | → | education / educational | 教育 |
| pollute | → | pollution | 污染 |
| protect | → | protection | 保护 |
| produce | → | product / production | 生产 |
| consume | → | consumption / consumer | 消耗/消费者 |
| contribute | → | contribution | 贡献 |
| invent | → | invention / inventor | 发明 |
| discover | → | discovery | 发现 |
| analyse | → | analysis / analytical | 分析 |
| emphasize | → | emphasis | 强调 |
| criticize | → | criticism | 批评 |
| theorize | → | theory / theoretical | 理论 |
| measure | → | measurement | 测量 |
| govern | → | government / governance | 治理 |
| manage | → | management / manager | 管理 |
| employ | → | employment / employee / employer | 雇佣 |
| differ | → | difference / different | 不同 |
| similar | → | similarity | 相似 |
| able | → | ability | 能力 |
| possible | → | possibility | 可能 |
| responsible | → | responsibility | 责任 |
| flexible | → | flexibility | 灵活 |
| stable | → | stability | 稳定 |
| available | → | availability | 可得 |
| capable | → | capability | 能力 |
| reliable | → | reliability | 可靠 |
| create | → | creation / creative | 创造 |
| destroy | → | destruction | 破坏 |
| construct | → | construction | 建造 |
| reduce | → | reduction | 减少 |
| limit | → | limitation | 限制 |
| expand | → | expansion | 扩张 |
| concentrate | → | concentration | 集中 |
| indicate | → | indication | 表明 |
| relate | → | relation / relationship | 关联 |
| apply | → | application | 应用 |
| occupy | → | occupation | 占据/职业 |
| inhabit | → | inhabitant | 居住 |
| survive | → | survival / survivor | 幸存 |
| appear | → | appearance | 出现/外观 |
| vary | → | variety / various | 多样 |
| wide | → | widen / width | 宽 |
| deep | → | deepen / depth | 深 |
| long | → | length / lengthen | 长 |
| strong | → | strength / strengthen | 强 |
| weak | → | weakness | 弱 |
| able | → | enable | 使能够 |
| danger | → | dangerous | 危险 |
| health | → | healthy / healthful | 健康 |
| value | → | valuable | 价值 |
| use | → | useful / usage | 使用 |
| care | → | careful / carefulness | 小心 |
| science | → | scientific | 科学 |
| industry | → | industrial | 工业 |
| nature | → | natural | 自然 |
| person | → | personal / personality | 个人 |
| society | → | social / sociological | 社会 |
| economy | → | economic / economical | 经济 |
| politics | → | political | 政治 |
| history | → | historical | 历史 |
| technology | → | technological / technique | 技术 |
| biology | → | biological | 生物 |
| psychology | → | psychological | 心理 |
| climate | → | climatic | 气候 |
| geology | → | geological | 地质 |
具体词 ↔ 概括词互相替换：原文说「oak / pine」，题干说「tree / plant」。
| 概括词 | 具体词 / 原文改写 | 中文 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| animal | → | mammal / reptile / bird / fish | 动物 |
| plant | → | tree / flower / grass / crop | 植物 |
| tool | → | hammer / spade / drill | 工具 |
| vehicle | → | car / bus / train / ship | 交通工具 |
| building | → | house / school / factory / museum | 建筑 |
| weapon | → | gun / sword / bow | 武器 |
| disease | → | cancer / flu / infection | 疾病 |
| instrument | → | piano / violin / flute | 乐器 |
| container | → | bottle / box / jar | 容器 |
| material | → | wood / metal / plastic / stone | 材料 |
| fuel | → | coal / oil / gas / wood | 燃料 |
| currency | → | dollar / euro / pound | 货币 |
| metal | → | iron / gold / copper / steel | 金属 |
| gas | → | oxygen / nitrogen / carbon dioxide | 气体 |
| liquid | → | water / milk / oil | 液体 |
| solid | → | rock / ice / crystal | 固体 |
| occupation | → | teacher / doctor / farmer | 职业 |
| crime | → | theft / murder / fraud | 犯罪 |
| food | → | grain / meat / vegetable | 食物 |
| furniture | → | chair / table / bed | 家具 |
| clothing | → | coat / shirt / shoe | 衣物 |
| colour | → | red / blue / green | 颜色 |
| weather | → | rain / snow / wind / storm | 天气 |
| landscape | → | mountain / desert / plain | 地貌 |
| organism | → | bacteria / insect / mammal | 生物 |
| equipment | → | device / machine / apparatus | 设备 |
| structure | → | bridge / tower / dam | 结构物 |
| substance | → | chemical / compound / element | 物质 |
| resource | → | water / mineral / forest | 资源 |
| energy | → | solar / nuclear / wind power | 能源 |
| art | → | painting / sculpture / music | 艺术 |
| sport | → | football / swimming / tennis | 运动 |
| bird | → | eagle / penguin / owl | 鸟 |
| fish | → | salmon / shark / tuna | 鱼 |
| tree | → | oak / pine / palm | 树 |
| insect | → | bee / ant / butterfly | 昆虫 |
| reptile | → | snake / lizard / turtle | 爬行动物 |
| mammal | → | whale / tiger / human | 哺乳动物 |
| mineral | → | salt / quartz / diamond | 矿物 |
| grain | → | wheat / rice / corn | 谷物 |
| fruit | → | apple / banana / grape | 水果 |
| vegetable | → | carrot / potato / onion | 蔬菜 |
| metal | → | aluminium / silver / lead | 金属 |
| document | → | letter / report / contract | 文件 |
| book | → | novel / textbook / magazine | 书 |
| machine | → | engine / robot / computer | 机器 |
| vehicle | → | bicycle / motorcycle / aircraft | 车辆 |
| space | → | room / area / region | 空间 |
| time | → | second / hour / century | 时间 |
| language | → | English / Chinese / French | 语言 |
| number | → | figure / digit / amount | 数字 |
| sound | → | noise / music / voice | 声音 |
| light | → | sunlight / flash / beam | 光 |
同义改写或换种说法：阅读里出现最多的替换类型，练到「看到就认」。
| 原词 / 题干词 | 替换词 / 原文改写 | 中文 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| important | → | significant / crucial / vital / key | 重要的 |
| show | → | demonstrate / indicate / reveal / display | 显示 |
| cause | → | lead to / result in / bring about / trigger | 导致 |
| increase | → | rise / grow / climb / surge / soar | 上升 |
| decrease | → | fall / drop / decline / shrink / dip | 下降 |
| big | → | large / huge / massive / enormous | 大的 |
| small | → | tiny / little / minor / slight | 小的 |
| many | → | numerous / a large number of / multiple | 许多 |
| few | → | a small number of / scarce / rare | 少量 |
| change | → | alter / modify / transform / shift | 改变 |
| use | → | employ / utilize / make use of / adopt | 使用 |
| help | → | assist / aid / support | 帮助 |
| stop | → | cease / halt / pause / suspend | 停止 |
| begin | → | start / commence / launch / initiate | 开始 |
| end | → | finish / terminate / conclude | 结束 |
| find | → | discover / locate / detect / identify | 发现 |
| build | → | construct / erect / set up | 建造 |
| remove | → | eliminate / get rid of / extract | 移除 |
| need | → | require / demand / call for | 需要 |
| want | → | desire / wish / intend | 想要 |
| allow | → | permit / enable / let | 允许 |
| prevent | → | stop / hinder / block / avoid | 阻止 |
| improve | → | enhance / upgrade / better | 改善 |
| damage | → | harm / impair / hurt / spoil | 损害 |
| affect | → | influence / impact / shape | 影响 |
| explain | → | account for / illustrate / clarify | 解释 |
| understand | → | comprehend / grasp / follow | 理解 |
| believe | → | think / hold / argue / maintain | 认为 |
| suggest | → | propose / recommend / advise | 建议 |
| prove | → | confirm / demonstrate / establish | 证明 |
| agree | → | consent / approve / accept | 同意 |
| disagree | → | object / oppose / reject | 反对 |
| limit | → | restrict / confine / cap | 限制 |
| control | → | regulate / manage / govern | 控制 |
| study | → | research / investigate / examine | 研究 |
| teach | → | instruct / educate / coach | 教 |
| learn | → | acquire / pick up / master | 学习 |
| old | → | ancient / aged / old-fashioned | 旧的/老的 |
| new | → | novel / modern / fresh | 新的 |
| cheap | → | inexpensive / affordable / low-cost | 便宜的 |
| expensive | → | costly / pricey / dear | 昂贵的 |
| fast | → | rapid / quick / swift / speedy | 快的 |
| slow | → | gradual / sluggish / steady | 慢的 |
| easy | → | simple / effortless / straightforward | 容易的 |
| hard | → | difficult / tough / demanding | 难的 |
| safe | → | secure / protected | 安全的 |
| dangerous | → | risky / hazardous / unsafe | 危险的 |
| clean | → | pure / spotless / hygienic | 干净的 |
| dirty | → | contaminated / filthy | 脏的 |
| common | → | widespread / frequent / prevalent | 常见的 |
| rare | → | uncommon / scarce / unusual | 稀少的 |
| clear | → | obvious / evident / plain | 清楚的 |
| hidden | → | concealed / covert / secret | 隐藏的 |
| whole | → | entire / total / complete | 整个的 |
| part | → | component / section / portion | 部分 |
| group | → | team / cluster / collection | 群体 |
| problem | → | issue / difficulty / trouble | 问题 |
| solution | → | answer / resolution / fix | 解决 |
| reason | → | cause / factor / ground | 原因 |
| result | → | outcome / consequence / effect | 结果 |
| effect | → | impact / influence / consequence | 影响 |
| aim | → | goal / purpose / objective | 目的 |
| method | → | approach / way / technique | 方法 |
| benefit | → | advantage / merit / gain | 好处 |
| drawback | → | disadvantage / shortcoming / flaw | 缺点 |
| risk | → | danger / threat / hazard | 风险 |
| chance | → | opportunity / possibility / odds | 机会 |
| level | → | standard / extent / degree | 水平 |
| amount | → | quantity / volume / sum | 数量 |
| rate | → | ratio / proportion / percentage | 比率 |
| area | → | region / zone / district | 地区 |
| place | → | location / site / spot | 地点 |
| time | → | period / era / age | 时期 |
| now | → | currently / at present / nowadays | 现在 |
| before | → | prior to / previously / earlier | 之前 |
| after | → | following / subsequent / later | 之后 |
| because | → | since / as / due to / owing to | 因为 |
| but | → | however / yet / nevertheless | 但是 |
| so | → | therefore / thus / hence | 所以 |
| and | → | as well as / plus / along with | 和 |
| or | → | alternatively / otherwise | 或者 |
| only | → | merely / solely / just | 仅仅 |
| also | → | additionally / furthermore / moreover | 也 |
| most | → | majority / bulk | 大多数 |
| all | → | entire / whole / total | 全部 |
| some | → | certain / particular / several | 一些 |
| every | → | each / all | 每个 |
| people | → | individuals / humans / the public | 人们 |
| society | → | community / the public | 社会 |
| government | → | authority / administration | 政府 |
| company | → | firm / corporation / business | 公司 |
| money | → | fund / finance / capital | 钱 |
| work | → | labour / task / job | 工作 |
| food | → | diet / nutrition / meal | 食物 |
| energy | → | power / force | 能量 |
| growth | → | expansion / development / rise | 增长 |
| decline | → | decrease / fall / drop | 下降 |
| success | → | achievement / accomplishment | 成功 |
| failure | → | breakdown / collapse | 失败 |
| death | → | mortality / demise | 死亡 |
| war | → | conflict / battle / fight | 战争 |
| peace | → | harmony / tranquillity | 和平 |
| law | → | regulation / rule / act | 法律 |
| right | → | entitlement / privilege | 权利 |
| wrong | → | incorrect / false / mistaken | 错误的 |
| true | → | accurate / correct / valid | 真实的 |
| fact | → | reality / truth / actuality | 事实 |
| idea | → | concept / notion / thought | 想法 |
| plan | → | scheme / strategy / proposal | 计划 |
| project | → | programme / initiative | 项目 |
| research | → | study / investigation / inquiry | 研究 |
| theory | → | hypothesis / model | 理论 |
| evidence | → | proof / data / support | 证据 |
| example | → | instance / case / sample | 例子 |
| type | → | kind / category / sort | 类型 |
| model | → | pattern / template / framework | 模型 |
| feature | → | characteristic / aspect / trait | 特征 |
| process | → | procedure / step / mechanism | 过程 |
| stage | → | phase / step / period | 阶段 |
| local | → | regional / nearby | 当地的 |
| global | → | worldwide / international / universal | 全球的 |
| urban | → | city / metropolitan | 城市的 |
| rural | → | country / agricultural | 乡村的 |
| natural | → | wild / organic / native | 自然的 |
| artificial | → | man-made / synthetic / fake | 人造的 |
| traditional | → | conventional / old / customary | 传统的 |
| modern | → | contemporary / current | 现代的 |
| public | → | open / communal / shared | 公共的 |
| private | → | personal / individual | 私人的 |
| high | → | elevated / tall / lofty | 高的 |
| low | → | reduced / short / below | 低的 |
| strong | → | powerful / intense / robust | 强的 |
| weak | → | feeble / mild / faint | 弱的 |
| near | → | close / adjacent / nearby | 近的 |
| far | → | distant / remote / far-off | 远的 |
| early | → | initial / primeval / first | 早的 |
| late | → | subsequent / delayed | 晚的 |
| top | → | peak / summit / apex | 顶部 |
| bottom | → | base / foot / root | 底部 |
| center | → | core / heart / middle | 中心 |
| edge | → | border / margin / rim | 边缘 |
| inside | → | internal / inner / within | 内部 |
| outside | → | external / outer / exterior | 外部 |
| lead | → | guide / direct / head | 领导 |
| follow | → | obey / track / pursue | 跟随 |
| make | → | produce / create / generate | 制造 |
| break | → | fracture / split / crack | 打破 |
| join | → | connect / link / unite | 连接 |
| separate | → | divide / split / detach | 分开 |
| mix | → | blend / combine / merge | 混合 |
| add | → | include / attach / append | 添加 |
| pay | → | fund / finance / cover | 支付 |
| sell | → | market / trade / distribute | 卖 |
| buy | → | purchase / acquire / order | 买 |
| keep | → | retain / maintain / preserve | 保持 |
| lose | → | miss / drop / forfeit | 失去 |
| gain | → | obtain / achieve / earn | 获得 |
| give | → | provide / offer / supply | 给 |
| get | → | obtain / receive / acquire | 得到 |
| send | → | deliver / transmit / forward | 发送 |
| receive | → | accept / get / take in | 接收 |
| know | → | realize / understand / grasp | 知道 |
| think | → | consider / believe / suppose | 认为 |
| say | → | state / claim / remark | 说 |
| ask | → | request / enquire / demand | 问 |
| answer | → | respond / reply / retort | 回答 |
| see | → | observe / notice / spot | 看见 |
| hear | → | listen / catch / overhear | 听见 |
| move | → | shift / transfer / relocate | 移动 |
| open | → | unlock / uncover / launch | 打开 |
| close | → | shut / seal / lock | 关闭 |
| fill | → | pack / load / stuff | 填满 |
| empty | → | clear / drain / unload | 清空 |
| try | → | attempt / test / experiment | 尝试 |
| avoid | → | escape / evade / dodge | 避免 |
| accept | → | adopt / embrace / take | 接受 |
| refuse | → | reject / decline / turn down | 拒绝 |
| continue | → | persist / carry on / proceed | 继续 |
| replace | → | substitute / swap / change for | 替换 |
| copy | → | reproduce / duplicate / mimic | 复制 |
| choose | → | select / pick / opt for | 选择 |
| force | → | compel / push / drive | 强迫 |
| encourage | → | motivate / inspire / urge | 鼓励 |
| discover | → | find out / uncover / learn | 发现 |
| design | → | devise / plan / frame | 设计 |
| decide | → | determine / resolve / settle | 决定 |
| expect | → | anticipate / predict / foresee | 预期 |
| happen | → | occur / take place / arise | 发生 |
| remain | → | stay / persist / keep | 保持 |
| appear | → | emerge / show up / arise | 出现 |
| disappear | → | vanish / fade / go | 消失 |
| attract | → | draw / pull / appeal to | 吸引 |
| support | → | back / uphold / sustain | 支持 |
| oppose | → | resist / fight / confront | 反对 |
| depend | → | rely on / hinge on / rest on | 依赖 |
| include | → | contain / comprise / involve | 包含 |
| exclude | → | rule out / leave out / omit | 排除 |
| focus | → | concentrate / centre on / target | 聚焦 |
| spread | → | extend / scatter / disperse | 扩散 |
| collect | → | gather / accumulate / assemble | 收集 |
| reduce | → | cut / lower / diminish | 减少 |
| expand | → | enlarge / widen / grow | 扩大 |
| protect | → | defend / shield / safeguard | 保护 |
| destroy | → | wreck / ruin / devastate | 摧毁 |
| repair | → | fix / mend / restore | 修理 |
| create | → | generate / produce / form | 创造 |
| solve | → | resolve / work out / settle | 解决 |