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📝 雅思写作强化课第6课

大作文第二课 · 主体段论证（点—析—例—扣）· 250词 · 提分主战场

强化课 6/8 · 大作文第二课
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一、Engage 热身Warm-up
回顾地基，引出"中间两段写什么"
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上节课（第5课）我们打好了大作文的地基：

已掌握作用
五大题型识别审题不跑偏
万能四段式结构不塌（开头→主体1→主体2→结尾）
开头段 paraphrase 三招首段改写 + 亮立场
💡 但四段式里有两块"肉"还没填——两个主体段。今天解决核心问题："中间两段到底写什么、怎么写才叫论证？"
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二、得分关键
为什么主体段决定 6 分还是 7 分
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雅思评分四大项里，Task Response（任务回应） 与 Coherence & Cohesion（连贯与衔接） 大部分分数都在主体段上。

分数档主体段长什么样
5 分只有观点罗列（"我觉得博物馆该收费，因为很重要"），没有解释、没有例子
6 分有中心句 + 一点解释，但例子空泛或跑题
7 分+中心句清晰 + 解释逻辑（因果/对比）+ 具体例子 + 回扣，一段一个论点
📌 今天的目标：让每个主体段都达到 7 分的结构——四步齐全：点 → 析 → 例 → 扣。
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三、主体段四步骨架
核心武器：点 — 析 — 例 — 扣
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每个主体段，按这四步走，缺一步就扣分：

步骤英文干什么常见错误
点Topic sentence本段第一句，直接亮这一段的中心论点（对应一个分论点）写废话（"In this essay I will discuss..."）、太空泛
析Explain解释为什么成立：因果 / 对比 / 假设，把逻辑铺开只重复中心句、没有展开
例Example给具体支撑：社会现象 / 普遍事实 / 研究（别编造假大数字）"我朋友说…"、例子和论点脱节
扣Link回扣题目 / 立场，或自然过渡下一段写新观点、和本段无关
🔑 口诀：点（亮观点）→ 析（讲逻辑）→ 例（给支撑）→ 扣（回题目）
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四、四步拆解 + 范例
用一道 AD 题，把四步落到完整主体段
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📄 演练真题（AD 利弊题）

Many museums charge for admission while others are free. Do you think the advantages of charging people for admission to museums outweigh the disadvantages?

👇 立场：利大于弊（收费更可取）。下面这个主体段（支持收费）四步标注：

【点】 Charging for admission enables museums to maintain their collections and fund new exhibitions.
【析】 This is because running a museum—conserving artworks, paying staff, hosting shows—requires substantial ongoing funds that free entry cannot cover.
【例】 A case in point is the British Museum's temporary exhibitions, which are financed largely by ticket revenue rather than government grants.
【扣】 Therefore, a modest fee directly sustains the institution's core mission of preservation and public education.

✅ 长这样：四步都在，例子具体（大英博物馆特展），逻辑顺。 ❌ 别这样：只写 "Museums are important, so we should charge."（缺析缺例，5分水平）。
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五、论证方法库
让"析"这一步有料：四种展开方式
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"析"最怕没话说。四种方法任选，关键是把因果 / 对比讲清楚：

① 因果论证（为什么成立）
句型：This is because / The underlying reason is that / As a result,
例句：Charging a fee is necessary because conservation of artworks demands continuous funding.
② 对比论证（有 vs 没有）
句型：Without this, / In contrast, / Compared with
例句：Without ticket revenue, many small museums would close, unlike well-funded national ones.
③ 假设论证（如果…会怎样）
句型：If ... / Were it not for ...,
例句：If entry were entirely free, overcrowding might erode the visitor experience.
④ 递进论证（更重要的一层）
句型：More importantly, / Beyond that,
例句：Fees also cultivate visitors' appreciation; more importantly, they secure long-term financial independence.
💡 拒绝"背诵模板句"——方法是逻辑工具，根据题目自己组织，别硬套。
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六、句型库
主体段专用表达（直接套，含例句）
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中心句（点）
A compelling argument in favour is that ...
The primary benefit of ... lies in ...
One major drawback is that ...（写缺点段用）
解释（析）
This can be attributed to the fact that ...
The underlying reason is that ...
This is largely because ...
举例（例）
A case in point is ...
Take ... as an example.
This is evident in ..., where ...
回扣（扣）
In light of this, ...
Therefore, ... remains essential.
Given the above, ...
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七、写作三步
落地方法：列提纲 → 写主体段 → 通读查四步
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第 1 步 · 列提纲（1 分钟）

立场确定后，给两个主体段各写一个中心句 + 一个例子关键词。例（AD 题）：
Para 2（利）：收费维持馆藏 + 例：特展靠票收 ｜ Para 3（弊）：门槛挡住低收入者 + 例：免费才普惠

第 2 步 · 写主体段（按四步）

每段严格走：点 → 析 → 例 → 扣。先保证四步都在，再追求用词华丽。

第 3 步 · 通读自查（30 秒）

问自己三句：①每段有中心句吗？②有"析"的逻辑吗？③有具体例子吗？三步全中 = 7 分结构。

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八、课堂练习
控制练习：判中心句 / 补全论证 / 中译英
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Part A · 判 Topic sentence 好坏（点正确项）

👉 点选项，绿色＝好中心句，红色＝差。

"Charging for admission helps museums maintain collections and fund exhibitions." → ✅ 好（亮观点+具体）
"In this essay I will discuss whether museums should charge." → 差（废话，没亮观点）
"Free entry ensures that low-income families can also enjoy culture." → ✅ 好（立场清晰）
"Some people think museums are good for society." → 差（太笼统，没具体论点）
Part B · 补全"析 + 例"（点击显示参考）

👉 给中心句，自己先补 Explain / Example，再点橙块对照。

【点】Museums preserve cultural heritage for future generations.
【析】This is because artefacts need climate-controlled storage and specialist care that cost money.
【例】A case in point is the restoration of ancient scrolls, which relies on funded conservation labs.
【扣】Thus, charging helps safeguard heritage that would otherwise decay.

Part C · 中译英（主体段核心句 ×5，点开看参考）
1
收费的一个主要好处在于它能维持日常运营。
建议：The primary benefit of ... lies in / maintain daily operations
📝 看参考答案
The primary benefit of charging lies in its ability to maintain daily operations.
2
这主要是因为保存艺术品需要持续的资金投入。
建议：This is largely because / conservation of artworks demands...
📝 看参考答案
This is largely because the conservation of artworks demands continuous funding.
3
一个典型的例子是大英博物馆的特展，主要依靠门票收入。
建议：A case in point is / rely largely on ticket revenue
📝 看参考答案
A case in point is the British Museum's temporary exhibitions, which rely largely on ticket revenue.
4
如果完全免费，拥挤可能会破坏参观体验。
建议：If entry were entirely free / overcrowding might erode...
📝 看参考答案
If entry were entirely free, overcrowding might erode the visitor experience.
5
鉴于上述原因，适度收费对文化保护仍不可或缺。
建议：Given the above / remains essential to cultural preservation
📝 看参考答案
Given the above, a modest fee remains essential to cultural preservation.
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九、真题演练
15 分钟限时：写开头段 + 1 个完整主体段（四步）
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📌 用下面这篇真题（选自《剑桥雅思 18》Task 2），15 分钟内完成：开头段（复习 paraphrase+立场）+ 1 个完整主体段（严格走 点→析→例→扣）。另一主体段 + 结尾留作作业 / 下节课。

📄 真题题面（Task 2 · DV 双边讨论题）

Some university students want to learn about other subjects in addition to their main subjects. Others believe it is more important to give all their time and attention to studying for a qualification.

Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

⏱ 课堂限时写作
15:00
最后 1 分钟会变红提醒；到点请停笔、检查四步齐不齐后导出。
✍️ 你的开头段 + 1 个完整主体段
0 词 / 0 字
🙈 写完再点：参考范例（先自己写，别偷看！）
【开头段示范】
The question of whether university students should explore subjects beyond their core discipline or focus exclusively on their qualification is widely debated. While broadening one's academic horizons has clear merits, I believe that giving priority to the main qualification is more important, provided that students maintain a basic awareness of other fields.
【主体段示范 · 四步标注】（支持"专注资格证"）
【点】Concentrating all available time on the primary qualification leads to deeper mastery and better academic outcomes. 【析】This is because university assessments are increasingly demanding, and splitting attention across unrelated subjects dilutes the effort needed to excel in one's major field. 【例】A case in point is medical students, where professional exams require extensive memorisation and practice that would be compromised by diverting hours to optional electives. 【扣】Therefore, dedicating oneself fully to the qualification is a pragmatic choice that pays off in long-term competence.

👆 四步齐全：点（亮专注主张）→ 析（解释为什么分心有害）→ 例（医学生考证）→ 扣（回到务实选择）。

📌 第6课核心口诀（大作文 Task 2 · 主体段篇）
【四步骨架】
点（亮观点）→ 析（讲逻辑）→ 例（给支撑）→ 扣（回题目）
缺一步就掉分：只有观点没解释 = 5分；有解释没例子 = 6分；四步齐全 = 7分+
【论证方法】
因果 / 对比 / 假设 / 递进 —— 让"析"有料，别背模板
【铁律】
一段一个中心论点；例子要具体（别"我朋友说"）；结尾段 + 全文串联留第7课

📝 课后任务

🤖 每日英文写作表达补充（用元宝或其他AI助手的定时功能）

继续用元宝（或其他AI助手）的定时推送功能，本周专攻主体段论证表达。

推送指令填："每天推送一个雅思大作文主体段表达（如 A case in point is / This can be attributed to / The underlying reason is that / In light of this），包括：①英文原词 ②中文意思 ③一个完整例句"