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🗺️ 雅思写作强化课第4课

小作文收官讲 · 特殊图形（流程图 Process / 地图 Map）· 被动语态、顺序连接、方位与变化

强化课 4/8 · 小作文收官讲
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模块一 · Engage 热身Warm-up
小作文家族全景：今天收口"特殊图形"
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类别代表图形核心考什么时态 / 语态
数据类线 / 柱 / 饼 / 表 / 综合趋势变化 · 横向比较 · 占比排名过去时 / 现在时
特殊类🔄 流程图 Process一个过程怎么发生（步骤 / 设备）一般现在时 + 被动语态
特殊类🗺️ 地图 Map一个地方现在 vs 规划的变化现在时 + 变化动词
📌 今天的主线：数据类四讲已收口（线图趋势、柱图比较、饼/表/综合静态）。本课专攻特殊图形——流程图（怎么造出一样东西 / 一个过程）与地图（一个地方怎么变）。它们的共同点：没有随时间变化的数据曲线，写法彻底切换：流程＝被动语态 + 顺序连接词；地图＝方位介词 + 变化动词（新建/拆除/搬迁）。
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模块二 · 流程图 Process Diagram
先看真题流程图：地热如何发电（C12T4）
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题目：The diagram below shows how geothermal energy is used to produce electricity.（地热如何被用来发电）

地热发电流程图
🤔 看图先想三件事（中文想一遍就行）：
① 流程分几步？起点（冷水）和终点（电）分别是什么？
② 哪些动作是自然发生的（被地热加热）、哪些是设备/人为做的（泵入、 turbines、generator）？
③ 全程能用主动写吗？→ 不能。水"被泵入"、被加热、被抽出——流程图的命脉是 被动语态。
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模块三 · 词汇积累
流程图"武器库"：被动语态 / 顺序 / 阶段
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① 被动语态（流程图命脉，必背）
结构含义例句（地热发电）
is / are pumped被泵入 / 抽出Cold water is pumped down an injection well to a depth of 4.5 km.
is heated被加热The water is heated by hot rocks in the geothermal zone.
is converted被转化Steam is converted into electricity by the generator.
is used / is produced被使用 / 被产生Geothermal energy is used to produce electricity.
② 顺序连接词（串起步骤）
英文中文例句
First / To begin with首先First, cold water is pumped down the injection well.
Then / Next / After that然后Next, it is heated by hot rocks underground.
Once … has been …一旦…被…Once the water has been heated, it is pumped up.
Finally / In the final stage最后Finally, the turbine drives the generator to produce electricity.
③ 阶段名词（让结构清晰）
英文中文例句
the first step / stage第一步 / 阶段The first step involves pumping cold water underground.
the next stage下一阶段The next stage is the heating of the water.
the final phase最后阶段The final phase is power generation.
the production process整个生产过程The whole production process consists of five stages.
④ 程度 / 位置（补充细节）
功能英文例句
深度 / 距离at a depth of / down toWater is pumped down to a depth of 4.5 km.
程度up to / reachingThe temperature reaches extremely high levels in the zone.
循环the cooled water is returnedAfter use, the cooled water is returned to the system.
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模块四 · 句型示范
把"流程"写成四种高分句型（全程被动）
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句型1：被动 + 顺序（最基础）
结构Cold water is first pumped down an injection well to a depth of 4.5 km.
句型2：阶段名词引导（结构清晰）
结构The next stage involves heating the water, which is heated by hot rocks in the geothermal zone.
句型3：Once / After 连接（体现因果先后）
结构Once the water has been heated, it is pumped up a production well and passes into a condenser.
📌 流程图不写"人做"，写"物被做"。用 Once / After + 被动 串起先后，考官最爱这种逻辑。
句型4：结果 / 产出（收尾段用）
结构Finally, steam drives the turbine and electricity is generated by the generator. ｜ The whole process results in the production of electricity.
✂️ 一句话四种写法·合并示范（同一事实）
事实：冷水被泵入地下 4.5 km，被地热岩石加热后抽上来

① Cold water is pumped down an injection well to 4.5 km and is heated by hot rocks.
② In the first stage, water is forced underground where it is warmed by geothermal heat.
③ Once pumped down, the water is heated before being drawn up again.
④ The water undergoes heating at depth and is then returned to the surface as hot water.
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模块五 · 地图 Map
先看真题地图：Islip 小镇今昔对比（C12T2）
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题目：The maps below show the centre of a small town called Islip as it is now, and plans for its development.（Islip 镇中心现状与规划改造对比）

Islip 小镇地图（现状+规划）
🤔 看图先想三件事（中文想一遍就行）：
① 现状中心有什么（shops / main road / park / school / housing）？规划新增/改建了什么？
② 哪些设施被新建（built）、拆除（demolished）、搬迁（relocated）、扩建（expanded）？
③ 用方位怎么描述（in the north / to the south / along the main road）？
地图的"魂"＝定位 + 变化动词 + 对比，时态用一般现在时（描述图里事实）。
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模块六 · 词汇积累
地图"武器库"：方位 / 变化动词 / 时段
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① 方位介词（定位必备）
英文中文例句（Islip）
in the north / south在北部 / 南部A new park is planned in the north of the town.
to the east / west of在…东 / 西边The school lies to the east of the main road.
along / beside the main road沿主干道New shops will be built along the main road.
in the centre / core在中心The town centre is pedestrianised.
② 变化动词（新建 / 拆除 / 改建）
英文中文例句
be built / constructed被建A bus station will be built on the northern edge.
be demolished / removed被拆Some old shops are to be demolished.
be relocated / moved被搬迁Housing is relocated to make room for a car park.
be converted into / replaced by被改成 / 被替代The shops are replaced by a shopping centre.
③ 时段表达（现在 vs 规划）
英文中文例句
at present / currently目前At present, there is a park surrounded by housing.
in the planned development在规划中In the planned development, a dual carriageway bypasses the centre.
by 2020 / in the future到… / 未来The changes are scheduled for completion by 2020.
④ 对比连接（突出最显著变化）
英文中文例句
whereas / in contrast然而Whereas the current layout has no bypass, the plan adds one.
the most striking change最显著变化The most striking change is the new dual carriageway.
a notable addition显著新增A bus station is a notable addition to the town.
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模块七 · 句型示范
把"地图变化"写成四种高分句型
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句型1：现状描述（定位 + 事实）
结构At present, a park lies in the north of Islip, surrounded by housing; a school sits to the east of the main road.
句型2：变化（被动，新建/改建）
结构A new dual carriageway is planned to bypass the town centre, and a bus station will be built on the northern edge.
句型3：变化（主动，替换/扩建）
结构The town centre will be pedestrianised, and the old shops are replaced by a large shopping centre; housing expands to the north and south.
📌 地图变化既可用被动（be built / be replaced）也可用主动将来时（will be pedestrianised / expands）。混合用更自然。
句型4：对比（突出最显著变化）
结构Whereas the current layout has no ring road, the most striking change in the plan is the new dual carriageway and the pedestrian-only centre.
✂️ 一句话四种写法·合并示范（同一变化）
事实：规划将在镇北新建一个公交车站，并修建一条绕城双车道

① A bus station will be built in the north, and a dual carriageway is planned.
② In the planned development, the town gains a bus station and a bypass road.
③ The most notable addition is a northern bus station, alongside a new dual carriageway.
④ Whereas the present map shows no public transport hub, the plan introduces both a bus station and a ring road.
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模块八 · 句库
完整表达句库（流程 + 地图通用，直接套）
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🏷️ ① 开头引入（流程图 / 地图各一版）
The diagram shows how geothermal energy is used to produce electricity.
The diagram illustrates the process of making chocolate / generating power.
The maps compare the town centre of Islip as it is now with plans for its development.
The two maps show the changes that are planned for a small town.
📊 ② 过程 / 变化描述（被动 / 变化动词）
Cold water is pumped down an injection well to a depth of 4.5 km.
Once heated by hot rocks, the water is pumped up and passes into a condenser.
A new dual carriageway is planned to bypass the centre, and a bus station will be built.
The old shops are replaced by a shopping centre, and the centre becomes pedestrian-only.
⚖️ ③ 顺序 / 对比（串逻辑）
First, … Next, … Once … has been done, … Finally, …
Whereas the present layout has no bypass, the plan adds a dual carriageway and a bus station.
The most striking change is the new ring road and the pedestrianised centre.
In stark contrast to the current map, the planned version expands housing to the north and south.
🏁 ④ 总结结论（Overview / Conclusion）
Overall, the process consists of five main stages, from pumping cold water to generating electricity.
It is clear that the planned development transforms Islip from a small town into one with modern transport links.
In summary, the diagram shows a closed cycle in which water is reused after power generation.
To sum up, the most significant change is the addition of a bus station and a bypass road.
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模块九 · 写作方法
特殊图形通用三步：流程 / 地图各一套
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流程图三步
✅ 以地热发电为例：
· 第一步 定顺序：把图按"冷水→注入井→受热→抽出→冷凝→涡轮→发电"排成一条链，别跳步。
· 第二步 写 Overview：2 句点"总共几步 + 起点终点"（冷水进、电出），不写每步细节。
· 第三步 主体段：按阶段写，全被动 + 顺序词，带关键数据（如 4.5 km）。
地图三步
✅ 以 Islip 为例：
· 第一步 定位：先说现状布局（park 在北、school 在东、main road 穿过）。
· 第二步 写变化：用变化动词列"新建/拆除/搬迁"（bus station、dual carriageway、shopping centre、pedestrianised）。
· 第三步 对比 + Overview：点最显著变化（新增绕城双车道 + 步行中心），不写个人观点。
两段式结构（通用）
Para 1（Introduction + Overview）：改写题目 + 一句话总览（流程＝几步；地图＝最显著变化）。
Para 2–3（Details）：流程按阶段；地图按"现状 → 规划变化"。
Para 4（Conclusion 可选）：一句话收尾（真题常可省，150 词够用即可）。
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模块十 · 课堂练习
控制练习：被动语态 / 变化动词（流程 + 地图语境）
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Part A · 选出正确的语态 / 变化表达（小测）

👉 点选项，绿色＝对，红色＝错。

Cold water is pumped down an injection well to a depth of 4.5 km.
Cold water pumps down an injection well by itself.
A new bus station will be built on the northern edge of the town.
A new bus station will build on the northern edge of the town.
The old shops are replaced by a large shopping centre.
The old shops replace a large shopping centre.
Part B · 挖空填词（点击显示答案）

👉 先自己想，再点橙色块看答案。

Cold water is pumped down an injection well to 4.5 km, where it is heated by hot rocks. Once heated, the water is pumped up and passes into a condenser. Finally, steam drives the turbine and electricity is generated.

Part C · 中译英（流程 + 地图句 ×6，点开看参考）
1
冷水被泵入一口注入井，深度达 4.5 公里。
建议：is pumped down / to a depth of
📝 看参考答案
Cold water is pumped down an injection well to a depth of 4.5 km.
2
一旦水被地热岩石加热，它就被抽上来。
建议：Once … has been heated / is pumped up
📝 看参考答案
Once the water has been heated by hot rocks, it is pumped up.
3
最后，蒸汽驱动涡轮，电由发电机产生。
建议：Finally / is generated
📝 看参考答案
Finally, steam drives the turbine and electricity is generated by the generator.
4
目前，镇北有一座被住宅环绕的公园。
建议：At present / surrounded by
📝 看参考答案
At present, there is a park in the north surrounded by housing.
5
规划中，一条新的双车道将绕开镇中心，并在北缘建一个公交车站。
建议：is planned to / will be built
📝 看参考答案
In the planned development, a new dual carriageway is planned to bypass the centre, and a bus station will be built on the northern edge.
6
与现状布局形成对比，规划中最显著的变化是新增的绕城双车道。
建议：Whereas / the most striking change
📝 看参考答案
Whereas the current layout has no bypass, the most striking change in the plan is the new dual carriageway.
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模块十一 · 真题演练
15 分钟课堂限时写作：流程图 / 地图（二选一）
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📌 任选上面一张真题图（地热发电流程图 C12T4 或 Islip 小镇地图 C12T2）写一篇完整 Task 1。把对应截图发我嵌入后即可对照。写完后导出 txt 交作业。

📷 点击选「流程图」
地热发电 C12T4
📷 点击选「地图」
Islip 小镇 C12T2
⏱ 课堂限时写作
15:00
最后 1 分钟会变红提醒；到点请停笔、检查后导出。
✍️ 你的特殊图形小作文（完整一篇，4 段）
0 词 / 0 字
🙈 写完再点：参考范例（先自己写，别偷看！）
【流程图范文骨架 · 地热发电】
Overview: The diagram shows how geothermal energy is used to produce electricity. Overall, the process consists of five main stages, beginning with cold water being pumped underground and ending with the generation of electricity.
Body: First, cold water is pumped down an injection well to a depth of 4.5 km, where it is heated by hot rocks in the geothermal zone. Once heated, the hot water is pumped up a production well and passes into a condenser, turning into steam. The steam then drives a turbine, and finally electricity is generated by the generator.
【地图范文骨架 · Islip】
Overview: The maps show the current town centre of Islip and planned changes. Overall, the most striking change is the addition of a bypass dual carriageway and a pedestrianised centre, with new transport and shopping facilities.
Body: At present, a park lies in the north surrounded by housing, and a school sits east of the main road. In the plan, a new dual carriageway bypasses the town, a bus station and car park are built in the north, and the shops are replaced by a shopping centre. The centre becomes pedestrian-only, and housing expands to the north and south.

👆 流程＝全被动 + 顺序词 + 带关键数据(4.5 km)；地图＝定位 + 变化动词 + 对比最显著变化。把"Overview 不写细节 / 不写个人观点"执行到底。

📌 第4课核心口诀（特殊图形 · 流程图 / 地图）
【流程图 Process】
全篇被动：is pumped / is heated / is converted / is used / is generated
顺序连接：First → Next → Once ... → Finally（按阶段串，不跳步）
阶段名词：the process / the first stage / in the condensing step / at the final stage
带数据：深度 4.5 km、5 个阶段——让 Overview 有支撑
【地图 Map】
方位介词：in the north / to the east of / surrounded by / across from
变化动词：is built / are demolished / is relocated / is replaced by / becomes
时段词：At present ... In the plan ... / Currently ... By 2030 ...
对比最显著变化：Whereas / the most striking change is ...

📝 课后任务

🤖 每日英文写作表达补充（用元宝或其他AI助手的定时功能）

继续用元宝（或其他AI助手）的定时推送功能，本周专攻特殊图形的被动语态与变化动词。

推送指令填："每天推送一个雅思特殊图形小作文表达（如 is pumped / is converted / be replaced by / the most striking change），包括：①英文原词 ②中文意思 ③一个完整例句"