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🤖 雅思写作第3课

词汇补充②（科技类） · 句型补充②（名词性从句+强调句+倒装） · 短语补充（对比表达）

基础课 3/4
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模块一 · Engage 热身Warm-up
热身：科技，到底改变了什么？
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这些题，你都能写吗？（雅思科技类高频题）
📝 科技是雅思大作文最高频的话题之一，下面几道都是真题方向：

① The increasing use of computers and mobile phones for communication has had a negative effect on young people's reading and writing skills. Agree or disagree?

② Technology is increasingly used in education. Some see it as positive, others disagree. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

③ Modern technology such as smartphones is making people more socially isolated. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

④ Many people now shop online instead of in physical stores. Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?

⑤ In the future, robots and artificial intelligence will replace many human jobs. Is this a positive or negative development?
👀 点开看一篇考生原文（约 4.5–5 分）——问题出在哪？

题目：Modern technology such as smartphones is making people more socially isolated. Do you agree or disagree?　下面是一段典型的 4.5–5 分主体段：

Nowadays technology is very good and it help us a lot. Many people use smartphone every day and they can not live without it. I think smartphone make people isolated because they always look at the phone and don't talk to other people. For example, in my family, when we eat dinner, everyone play phone and nobody speak. This is very bad. Also young people don't like reading book now, they just watch short video all day. So technology have some bad points. But technology is also good, because we can chat with friends and find information very fast. So I think it have advantages and disadvantages, and we must use it in a good way.
😵 考官为什么给 4.5–5 分？（点开看诊断）
· 词汇太轻、反复用：good / bad / a lot / very，全是小学词（LR 上不去）
· 全是简单句 + and/but/so 串：几乎没有从句、没有高级句式（GRA 上不去）
· 基础语法错：it help / smartphone make / technology have（三单）、use smartphone / reading book（单复数）
· 太口语：everyone play phone、watch short video all day——像说话，不像书面写作
这五道题，绕来绕去都要说清一件事——科技到底怎么改变了生活 / 学习 / 工作。但用上面那种大白话，最多 5 分左右。想往 7 分走，得换两样"武器"：① 科技类书面词汇　② 进阶句型（三大从句 + 强调 + 倒装）。下面开始补。
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模块二 · Study 讲授词汇
词汇补充②：科技类话题词
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口语词 → 书面替换（5 组核心表达）

👉 每组：左面是大家自然会说出口的口语表达，点开「书面」看更地道的写法和句子。

口语make life easy（让生活变容易）
书面 ▸
Smartphones facilitate daily life, yet they also create new problems.
Technology has brought great convenience to modern households.
💡 替换：facilitate daily life（使日常生活更便利）/ bring convenience（带来便利）
口语depend on（依赖）
书面 ▸
Modern society has become increasingly dependent on digital devices.
Many people rely heavily on the internet for information.
💡 替换：rely heavily on / become increasingly dependent on（越来越依赖）
口语save time（省时间）
书面 ▸
Automation boosts productivity across a wide range of industries.
New software enhances efficiency in the workplace.
💡 替换：boost productivity（提升生产力）/ enhance efficiency（提高效率）
口语affect（影响）
书面 ▸
AI exerts a far-reaching impact on the job market.
Social media has profound implications for young people's mental health.
💡 替换：exert an impact on / have far-reaching / profound implications for（有深远影响）
口语develop fast（发展快）
书面 ▸
Technology advances at an unprecedented pace.
Innovation drives social progress across the globe.
💡 替换：advance rapidly / at an unprecedented pace（以前所未有的速度发展）/ drive social progress（推动社会进步）
科技场景核心词（直接给词+搭配，不单独讲）
词搭配 / 用法
automationthe rise of automation（自动化的兴起）｜ lead to job losses
artificial intelligence (AI)AI transforms / replaces human labour
digital devicesoveruse of digital devices（数码设备过度使用）
information overloadsuffer from information overload（信息过载）
social isolationcause social isolation（导致社交孤立）
face-to-face interactionlack of face-to-face interaction（缺乏面对面交流）
复习点名：foster / cultivate / develop 三个词别再混
上次作业里这三个词有混用，今天放到科技语境再点一遍——它们不能互换：
· cultivate good habits（培养习惯——强调"长期养成"）
· develop skills（发展技能——强调"从无到有/提升"）
· foster creativity（激发创造力——强调"营造环境让其生长"）
错例：✗ technology develops creativity ❌ → 应为 fosters / cultivates creativity。
课堂小互动（理解检查 · Principle 4）
🤚 停一下，口头造 1 句：用上面任意一个书面词，说一句"科技让（某方面）更便利 / 更高效"。
例：Automation boosts productivity in many industries.
能脱口而出，说明"词汇"这一关过了；说不出来就回到上面再读两遍例句。
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模块三 · Study 讲授句型
句型补充②：名词性从句 + 强调句 + 倒装
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💡 三大从句收官：第2课讲透了定语和状语从句（修饰别的词），今天把第三类——名词性从句讲完，三大从句就齐了。再顺势加两个"加分句型"：强调句和倒装句，让句式更有层次（GRA 6→7 的关键）。
主力一：名词性从句（在句子里当"名词"用）

什么是名词性从句？简单句里名词能坐的位置（主语、宾语、表语、同位语），名词性从句都能坐。所以它不是去"修饰"谁，而是自己扮演一个名词角色。这是它和定/状语从句最本质的区别。

📌 四大引导词（按功能分）：
① that —— 引出一个"事实"（不译）：That technology reshapes education is undeniable.
② whether —— "是否"：Whether this trend is beneficial remains debatable.
③ wh- 词（what / why / how / when / where 等）—— "……的东西 / 原因 / 方式"：What matters most is the balanced use of technology.
④ if —— "是否"，仅作宾语且不如 whether 正式，写作里尽量用 whether。
引导词充当例句（标注它在句中的作用）
that主语That technology reshapes education is undeniable.
that宾语We know (that) technology reshapes education.
whether主语Whether we should limit screens remains a question.
what主语What matters most is the balanced use of technology.
why表语The reason is why technology distracts us.
how主语How we use it determines the outcome.
⚠️ 三个高频易错点（务必记牢）：
1️⃣ that 省不省？ 名从作主语 / 表语时 that 绝不省略（省了句子缺主语）；作宾语时可省。对比第2课定语从句 that（指代先行词、可省）——两者不是一回事。
  ✓ That he succeeded is surprising.（主语，that 不能省）
  ✓ The phone (that) I bought is smart.（定语，that 可省）
2️⃣ 语序是"正常陈述语序"，不倒装！ 名从内部该主谓主谓，别写成疑问语序。
  ❌ Whether should we limit screens remains...　✅ Whether we should limit screens remains...
3️⃣ what ≠ that：what 本身已经等于"the thing(s) that"，后面不再加 that。❌ What that matters ❌ → ✓ What matters。

✂️ 改写示范：口语短句 → 名词性从句

口语Technology changes our lives. This is undeniable.
↓ 用 that 名从把"事实"当主语
写作That technology changes our lives is undeniable.
口语We should limit screen time. This is still a question.
↓ 用 whether 名从表"是否"
写作Whether we should limit screen time remains a question.
口语Using technology in a balanced way is the most important thing.
↓ 用 what 名从表"最重要的事"
写作What matters most is the balanced use of technology.
口语The way we use it decides the result.
↓ 用 how 名从表"方式"
写作How we use technology determines the final outcome.
加分句型①：强调句 It is...that...（重点，讲透）

基本结构：It is / was + 被强调部分 + that / who + 句子其余。作用：把你想让考官注意的那个信息"放大"、突出重点。写作里常用来突出原因、主语或方式。

📌 可以被强调的成分（四类都能强调）：
· 主语：It is technology that reshapes the way we learn.
· 宾语：It is creativity that we should protect.
· 时间状语：It was in 2020 that online learning exploded.
· 地点状语：It is in cities that opportunities concentrate.
· 原因状语：It is because of technology that life has changed.
🚀 变体结构（进阶，基础好可以上）：
① It is not until...that...（"直到……才……"）：
  It was not until 2010 that the internet became widespread.
  💡 同源倒装写法：Not until 2010 did the internet become widespread.（not until 开头，助动词 did 提前）
② It is...that 与定语从句的"黄金分辨法"：把 It is...that 去掉，句子仍然完整→ 是强调句；去掉后不完整→ 是定语从句。
  强调句：It is tech that reshapes education. → 去掉 → Tech reshapes education. ✅ 完整 → 强调句
  定语从句：The book that I read is useful. → 去掉 → The book I read is useful. ✅（口语可接受，但严格说 that 指代 book，去掉后逻辑缺连接）→ 定语从句
  更干净的判断：强调句的 that 前是"被强调的成分"，定语从句的 that 前是"先行词 + 从句"。
⚠️ 强调句三个易错点：
① that 后面不加点号 / 逗号，是完整句：✗ It is tech, that... ❌ → ✓ It is tech that...
② 时态随被强调部分：强调过去用 It was，现在用 It is；强调句本身不改变原句时态。
③ who 还是 that？ 强调"人"作主语/宾语时可用 who（也可 that）；强调物/其他一律 that：It is my teacher who/that...

✂️ 改写示范：平铺 → 强调句

平铺Technology reshapes the way we learn.
↓ 强调主语 technology
写作It is technology that reshapes the way we learn.
平铺Education enables us to use technology correctly.
↓ 强调主语 education
写作It is education that enables us to use technology correctly.
平铺Life has changed because of technology.
↓ 强调原因 because of technology
写作It is because of technology that life has changed.
平铺Online learning exploded in 2020.
↓ 强调时间 in 2020
写作It was in 2020 that online learning exploded.
加分句型②：倒装（否定词 / Only + 状语 开头）

否定词或"Only + 状语"放句首，句子要部分倒装（助动词提到主语前）。先学两个最高频的：

结构例句
Not only... but also...Not only does tech save time, but it also changes our habits.
Only by / Only when...Only by limiting screen time can we protect our focus.
🚀 进阶了解（学有余力）：其他否定副词开头也倒装——Never have I seen... / Seldom do students... / Hardly had he finished...。规律一致：否定词开头 → 助动词提前。
⚠️ 倒装头号坑：否定词 / Only 开头 → 主语前的助动词要提前（do/does/did/can/will 等）。
❌ Not only tech saves time...　✅ Not only does tech save time...
❌ Only by reading we learn...　✅ Only by reading can we learn...

✂️ 课堂操练：把下面简单句改成强调句 / 倒装

1
Education helps us use technology correctly. （强调 education）
提示：It is...that... 强调主语
📝 看参考答案
It is education that helps us use technology correctly.
2
Technology saves time. It also changes our habits. （合成 Not only...but also 倒装）
提示：Not only 开头，助动词 does 提前
📝 看参考答案
Not only does technology save time, but it also changes our habits.
3
We can protect our focus only by limiting screen time. （Only by 倒装）
提示：Only by... 开头，can 提前
📝 看参考答案
Only by limiting screen time can we protect our focus.
4
Balanced use of technology is the most important thing. （用 what 名从改写）
提示：what matters most is...
📝 看参考答案
What matters most is the balanced use of technology.

Q1. 哪句倒装正确？

A. Not only technology improves life, but also causes problems.
B. Not only does technology improve life, but it also causes problems.
C. Only by studying we can succeed.
D. It is technology which reshapes education.

Q2. "是否应该限制儿童使用手机仍是个有争议的话题"——用哪个引导词开头最合适？

A. That
B. Whether
C. What
D. Which

Q3. 强调句 It is my mother ___ taught me 中，横线填什么？

A. which
B. who / that
C. whom
D. what
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模块四 · Study 讲授短语
短语补充：对比表达（给小作文柱图/饼图打底）
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💡 为什么讲对比短语？小作文的柱图、饼图、表格核心就是"比大小、比占比、比趋势"。学会这些对比表达，下节课写小作文时直接能套。和第2课衔接词一样，注意位置和标点。下面按"功能"分组，比上次更全。
对比短语全家福（按功能分 6 组）
功能短语位置例句
相反对比whereas / while句中，后加逗号Young people embrace AI, whereas the elderly remain skeptical.
in contrast / by contrast / on the contrary句首，后加逗号In contrast, rural areas saw little change.
相似对比similarly / likewise / in the same way句首或句中Similarly, both groups reported higher efficiency.
与…相比compared with / compared to / in comparison with句首，后接比较对象Compared with 2010, usage doubled in 2020.
另一方面on the other hand句中 / 句首AI boosts efficiency; on the other hand, it costs jobs.
倍数 / 比例A is X times higher than B / A accounts for X%, compared to B's Y%句中Group A is three times higher than Group B.
📌 位置与标点（考官在意的小细节）：
· whereas / while / on the other hand 多放句中连接两句；
· in contrast / compared with / similarly / on the contrary 多放句首，后必加逗号；
· unlike + 名词（接名词不接句子）：Unlike the young, the old prefer books.（✗ Unlike the young do）；
· whereas vs while：whereas 纯对比；while 还能表"当…时"，议论文里表对比时和 whereas 可互换。
组合示范：名词性从句 + 对比短语 + 强调句，一句话立起来
What surprises many is that, whereas young people embrace AI, the elderly remain skeptical （名从 + whereas 对比）. Compared with a decade ago, this gap has widened （compared with 句首）. It is this divide that we must address （强调句收尾）.

👆 名从起头 + whereas 句中对比 + compared with 句首 + 强调句收尾。这就是 6→7 的句式密度。

✍️
模块五 · Activate 练习控制练习
句子翻译练习③（中译英 ×10，科技话题·复合句综合运用）
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📌 硬性要求：下面每句必须用到指定的从句或短语，不能只写简单句。后 4 句要求组合两种以上结构（更难）。写完自查三件事——时态、三单、介词（回炉那三坑别再踩）。
1
过度依赖技术的人往往缺乏面对面交流的能力。
要求：用 who 定语从句 ｜ 提示词：overly dependent / lack / face-to-face interaction
📝 看参考答案
People who are overly dependent on technology tend to lack the ability to communicate face to face.
2
尽管人工智能很强大，但它无法取代人类的创造力。
要求：用 although 让步从句（别再加 but）｜ 提示词：artificial intelligence / replace / human creativity
📝 看参考答案
Although artificial intelligence is powerful, it cannot replace human creativity.
3
是否应该限制儿童使用手机，仍是个有争议的话题。
要求：用 whether 名词性从句 ｜ 提示词：limit / children / debatable
📝 看参考答案
Whether children's use of mobile phones should be limited remains a debatable topic.
4
正是教育，让我们能够正确地使用技术。
要求：用 It is...that 强调句 ｜ 提示词：use technology correctly
📝 看参考答案
It is education that enables us to use technology correctly.
5
与过去相比，现在人们更依赖数码设备。
要求：用 compared with 短语 ｜ 提示词：rely on / digital devices
📝 看参考答案
Compared with the past, people now rely more heavily on digital devices.
6
不仅是效率提高了，生活习惯也改变了。
要求：用 Not only...but also 倒装 ｜ 提示词：efficiency / habits
📝 看参考答案
Not only does efficiency improve, but people's habits also change.
7
真正重要的不是技术本身，而是我们如何使用它。
要求：用 what 名词性从句（what matters is not...but...）｜ 提示词：technology itself / how we use it
📝 看参考答案
What matters is not technology itself, but how we use it.
8
正是因为教育的普及，社会流动性才得以提高。
要求：用 It is because...that 强调原因 ｜ 提示词：access to education / social mobility
📝 看参考答案
It is because of wider access to education that social mobility has improved.
9
是否应该限制屏幕时间仍然没有定论，而年轻人比老年人使用得多得多。
要求：组合 whether 名从 + whereas 对比 ｜ 提示词：remains unsettled / the young / the elderly
📝 看参考答案
Whether screen time should be limited remains unsettled, whereas the young use digital devices far more than the elderly.
10
不仅效率得到了提升，而且正如数据所示，年轻人每天使用屏幕的时间最长。
要求：组合 Not only 倒装 + whereas / as the data shows ｜ 提示词：efficiency / the data shows / spend the longest
📝 看参考答案
Not only does efficiency improve, but, as the data shows, young people spend the longest time on screens every day.
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模块六 · Evaluate 产出自由写作
带着做：给柱图写"对比段"（小作文预热）
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💡 今天用对比短语写一段：小作文柱图常要"比"不同类别。看下面这张柱图（不同年龄段每日屏幕使用时长），我们只写一件事——一段对比描述：用对比短语把最高、最低、趋势写出来。这是"自由产出"，把前面学的都综合进来。
题目：不同年龄段的每日屏幕使用时长（小时）
0 2 4 6 8 10 Hours / day 6.5 Under 18 8.2 18-30 5.5 31-50 3.0 Over 50
第1步：先说"看图说了三句大白话"（中文）
1️⃣ 18-30 岁人群屏幕使用时间最长（8.2 小时），50 岁以上最短（3.0 小时）。
2️⃣ 年轻人（Under 18 和 18-30）明显比中老年人用得多。
3️⃣ 年龄越大，使用时间越短（整体呈下降趋势）。
第2步：把大白话"翻译"成对比段（带着写 · 两个范本级）
Compared with other age groups, those aged 18-30 spent the longest time on screens, at 8.2 hours per day, whereas people over 50 used them for only 3.0 hours. In contrast, teenagers (under 18) also showed heavy use at 6.5 hours. Overall, screen time decreases steadily as age increases.
What the chart reveals is that the 18-30 group used screens the most. It is the over-50s that recorded the shortest usage, at merely 3.0 hours. Similarly, the under-18 group stayed high at 6.5 hours, whereas the 31-50 group fell to 5.5. In comparison with the youngest, the oldest spent less than half the time.

👆 第二版用了名从起头 + 强调句 + similarly + whereas + in comparison with，密度更高，可作冲 7 范本。

🔑 拆给你看，这段用了什么：
· Compared with / In comparison with 句首领起对比对象
· whereas 句中连接"最长 vs 最短"两方
· In contrast / Similarly 句首补另一组对比
· Overall 收一句总趋势
第3步：现在轮到你写（写完直接导出，发老师批改）
📝 动手写：用"Compared with / whereas / In contrast / Overall"的对比公式，把上面三句大白话改写成你自己的对比段（3–4 句即可）。写完后先在框里自查：最高级对不对、whereas 用对没、首字母大写没。确认无误就填姓名、点导出，把 txt 直接发给我批改。
✍️ 你的柱图对比段
0 词 / 0 字
🎯 今日任务：照着"Compared with + whereas + In contrast + Overall"的套路，在上面的写作框里动笔写一遍。记住对比段的黄金公式：
Compared with X + whereas 连最高最低 + In contrast 补一组 + Overall 收趋势。
📌 第3课核心口诀
名从四引导：that / whether / what / why（语序不倒装，that 主语不省）
强调 It is...that，主宾状都能强调；去掉 It is...that 还完整才是强调句
倒装否定/Only 开头，助动词往前跑
对比短语六组：whereas / in contrast / similarly / compared with / on the other hand / 倍数比

📝 课后任务

🤖 每日英文写作表达补充（用元宝或其他AI助手的定时功能）

继续用元宝（或其他AI助手）的定时推送功能，每天自动推送一个英文写作高频表达 + 两个例句，积少成多。

本周可换个指令，专攻科技类词汇与对比表达：
推送指令填："每天推送一个雅思科技类话题的书面表达（如 facilitate / rely heavily on / compared with），包括：①英文原词 ②中文意思 ③一个完整例句"

💡 思考题

用今天学的名词性从句 + 强调句，试着写 2 句关于"教育与科技"的句子（一句 that/what 名从、一句 It is...that 强调句）。下节课我们要正式进小作文技巧，先热热身。