雅思写作第2课：错题回炉与句型补充①

🔧

模块一

错题回炉：上次作业里最常犯的错

▼

💡 先纠错再前进：上次词汇练习的翻译题里，大家踩了三个高频坑——过去时忘了变、峰值的介词用错、第三人称单数漏了 s。下面每句都是从真实作业里"提炼"出来的典型错误。先自己看出错在哪，再点开答案对照。

坑① 过去时（描述过去的年份/数据，必须用过去式）

1

In 2015, the number of visitors peak at 8,000.

💭 提示：2015 是过去的年份，动词该用什么形态？

🔍 看正确写法

✅ In 2015, the number of visitors peaked at 8,000.
句子在讲 2015 年发生的事 → 用过去式 peaked。小作文只要图上写的是过去的年份，一律过去时。

2

The sales rise sharply between 2010 and 2015, and then drop slightly.

💭 提示：between 2010 and 2015 是过去区间，两个动词都要改。

🔍 看正确写法

✅ The sales rose sharply between 2010 and 2015, and then dropped slightly.
rise→rose（不规则），drop→dropped（双写 p 再加 ed）。一句里有几个动词，就全部改到位。

坑② peak 的介词（"达到峰值"用 peak at）

3

The figure peaked to 8,000 in July.

💭 提示：peak 后面跟哪个介词接数值？

🔍 看正确写法

✅ The figure peaked at 8,000 in July.
记牢固定搭配：peak at + 数值（在……达到峰值）。对比：rise to / fall to 用 to，但 peak 用 at。

📌 介词速记：rise to 8,000（升到）｜fall to a low（降到）｜peak at 8,000（在峰值）｜remain stable at 5%（稳定在）｜a rise of 30%（上升了的幅度）｜an increase in sales（……方面的增长）。

坑③ 第三人称单数（主语是单数/不可数，动词加 s）

4

Early education lay a solid foundation for children's future.

💭 提示：主语 education 是单数，一般现在时动词要怎么变？

🔍 看正确写法

✅ Early education lays a solid foundation for children's future.
education 不可数、当单数 → 动词 lay 变 lays。陈述普遍事实用一般现在时，别漏三单 s。

5

Rote learning help students pass exams, but it fail to develop real understanding.

💭 提示：主语 Rote learning 和 it 都是单数，两个动词都要改。

🔍 看正确写法

✅ Rote learning helps students pass exams, but it fails to develop real understanding.
help→helps，fail→fails。一句里前后两个动词共用一个单数主语，两个都要加 s。

🎯 回炉小结：写完每句话，习惯性回头查三件事——①时态对不对（过去年份→过去时）②介词对不对（peak at / rise to）③主谓一致没（单数主语→动词加 s）。这三个是最容易丢分、也最容易改掉的低级错误。

🧩

模块二

句型补充①：把口语简单句"焊"成写作复合句

▼

💡 为什么要练从句？GRA（语法广度）冲 6→7 的关键，就是能熟练写出多种复合句。口语里你习惯说一串短句，写作里要学会把它们"焊接"成一个逻辑清楚的长句。今天讲两大主力：定语从句（给名词加信息）和状语从句（给整句话加逻辑）。并列句先一句带过。

热身：并列句（一句带过，别只会 and）

两个平等的句子，用连词连起来就是并列句。别只会 and，学会用这几个：

逻辑	连词	例句
并列	and	Tuition is free, and more students can enroll.
转折	but / yet	The policy is costly, yet it benefits society.
因果	so	Fees were abolished, so enrollment rose.
选择	or	Governments must raise taxes, or cut other spending.

❌ 最常见错误：用逗号直接连两个完整句子（逗号粘连 comma splice）。例：Tuition is free, more students can enroll. ❌ 中间必须有连词（and/but/so…）或改成句号/分号。

主力一：定语从句（给名词"贴一段说明"）

作用：紧跟在一个名词后面，补充说明这个名词。核心是选对关系词。

关系词	指代对象	例句
who / whom	人	Students who study abroad often become more independent.
which	物 / 整句	The policy, which abolished fees, boosted enrollment.
that	人 / 物（仅限定）	A skill that is learned early lasts a lifetime.
whose	所属（谁的）	Children whose parents read to them perform better.
where	地点	A country where education is free attracts talent.
when	时间	The decade when the economy grew saw more graduates.
why	原因（前接 reason）	The reason why people migrate is often economic.

🔑 限定 vs 非限定（考官很看重）：
· 限定性（不加逗号）：从句是必需信息，删了句子意思就变了。
Students who work hard succeed.（只指努力的学生，不是所有学生）
· 非限定性（加逗号）：从句是补充信息，删了也不影响主句成立。
My teacher, who has 20 years' experience, is strict.（补充说明这位老师）
⚠️ 非限定从句不能用 that，只能用 who/which。

🚀 进阶亮点：介词 + which / whom（写出这个，考官眼睛一亮）
把介词提到关系词前面，更正式：
· This is the school in which he studied.（= the school which he studied in）
· She is the teacher from whom I learned the most.（= the teacher whom I learned the most from）
· There are many reasons, among which cost is the most important.

✂️ 改写示范：口语短句 → 定语从句

口语Some students study abroad. They often become more independent.

↓ 用 who 把"人"焊起来

写作Students who study abroad often become more independent.

口语The government abolished tuition fees. This increased enrollment.

↓ 用非限定 which 指代"整件事"

写作The government abolished tuition fees, which increased enrollment.

口语Germany is a country. Education is free there.

↓ 用 where 焊"地点"

写作Germany is a country where education is free.

主力二：状语从句（给整句话"加逻辑关系"）

作用：说明主句发生的原因、条件、时间、让步、目的/结果。这是议论文说理的骨架。下面按写作高频度排序讲。

逻辑	常用连词	例句
原因	because / since / as	Since fees were abolished, more students enrolled.
让步	although / even though / while	Although it is costly, free education benefits society.
条件	if / unless / as long as	Unless the government acts, the gap will widen.
时间	when / while / after / once	When education is free, social mobility improves.
目的	so that / in order that	Schools cut fees so that everyone can attend.
结果	so...that / such...that	Fees were so high that many dropped out.

⚠️ 让步从句的头号大坑：中文说"虽然……但是……"，两个都出来了；但英文里 although / though 不能和 but 同时出现在一个句子里！
❌ Although it is costly, but it benefits society.
✅ Although it is costly, it benefits society.（去掉 but）
✅ It is costly, but it benefits society.（去掉 although，用并列）

🔑 while 的两副面孔：①"当……时候"（时间）：While she was studying, ...　②"尽管 / 然而"（让步/对比）：While some support it, others disagree.　议论文里 while 表"对比双方观点"超好用。

🔑 so that vs so...that（别搞混）：
· so that + 句子 = 目的（为了）：He studies hard so that he can pass.
· so + 形容词 + that = 结果（如此……以至于）：He is so tired that he can't focus.

✂️ 改写示范：口语短句 → 状语从句

口语Education is free. So more students can go to university.

↓ 用 because/since 表原因，或 so that 表目的

写作Because education is free, more students can attend university.

口语Free education is expensive. But it is worth it.

↓ 用 although 表让步（记得删掉 but）

写作Although free education is expensive, it is worth the investment.

口语The government does something. Otherwise the gap gets bigger.

↓ 用 unless 表条件

写作Unless the government takes action, the gap between rich and poor will widen.

课堂操练：把下面的口语短句改成复合句

玩法：先自己口头/动笔把两句短句合并成一句复合句（定语或状语都行），再点开看参考。答案不唯一，逻辑通顺、语法对就算过。

1

Many parents are busy. They spend little time with their children.

提示：用 who（定语）或 because（原因）

📝 看参考答案

· 定语：Parents who are busy tend to spend little time with their children.
· 原因：Because many parents are busy, they spend little time with their children.

2

Technology is convenient. It also causes some problems.

提示：用 although（让步）或非限定 which

📝 看参考答案

· 让步：Although technology is convenient, it also causes some problems.
· 非限定：Technology is convenient, which is undeniable, but it also causes some problems.

3

Cities offer more jobs. Many young people move there.

提示：用 where（定语）或 because（原因）

📝 看参考答案

· 定语：Many young people move to cities where more jobs are available.
· 原因：Because cities offer more jobs, many young people move there.

4

The government should invest in education. Then the country can develop faster.

提示：用 so that（目的）或 if（条件）

📝 看参考答案

· 目的：The government should invest in education so that the country can develop faster.
· 条件：If the government invests in education, the country can develop faster.

Q1. 下面哪句话语法正确？

A. Although the plan is expensive, but it is necessary.

B. Although the plan is expensive, it is necessary.

C. The plan is expensive, more people support it.

D. Because the plan is expensive, so people reject it.

Q2. "德国是一个教育免费的国家"——想写出正式书面语（介词 + which 结构），填哪个最合适？
Germany is a country ____ education is free.

A. which

B. that

C. in which

D. where

💡 in which 是 where 的正式书面变体（介词 + which）。两种写法都正确，本题按正式书面写法选 in which，也正是第2课"进阶亮点"里学的介词 + which 结构。

Q3. 非限定定语从句里，不能用哪个关系词？

A. who

B. which

C. that

D. whose

🔗

模块三

短语补充：衔接逻辑词（让文章"串起来"）

▼

💡 CC（连贯与衔接）靠它：从句是"句子内部"的逻辑，衔接词是"句子之间"的逻辑。有了从句还不够，句与句、段与段之间也要有逻辑信号。下面按四大逻辑分类，挑准确的用，别一篇文章从头 However 到尾。

四大逻辑衔接词

逻辑	衔接词	用法提醒
因果	therefore / thus / as a result / consequently	放句首，后接结果；therefore 后可加逗号
转折	however / nevertheless / on the contrary / in contrast	however 后加逗号；表两方对比用 in contrast
递进	moreover / furthermore / in addition / what is more	补充同方向论点，别滥用，一段一个足够
并列/举例	for instance / for example / such as / in particular	such as 后接名词，for example 后接完整句

📌 位置与标点（考官在意的小细节）：
· 句首衔接词后面基本都要加逗号：However, / Moreover, / Therefore, / In addition,
· such as 后面接名词（不接句子）：subjects such as maths and science
· for example 后面可接完整句：For example, Germany abolished tuition fees.

❌ 最常见滥用：整篇 Firstly / Secondly / Thirdly / Finally 一列到底，句子之间却没有真正的逻辑推进。衔接词是"逻辑信号灯"，要和内容匹配——因果关系才用 therefore，转折关系才用 however，别为了炫词硬塞。

组合示范：从句 + 衔接词，一段话立起来

Although free university education places a heavy burden on governments （让步状语从句）, it brings clear benefits to society. The main reason is that it removes financial barriers for students who come from low-income families （定语从句）. As a result （因果衔接）, social mobility improves. Moreover （递进衔接）, a better-educated workforce boosts the economy, which benefits everyone （非限定定语从句）.

👆 一段话里：让步从句 + 定语从句 ×2 + 因果衔接 + 递进衔接。这就是 6→7 的句式密度。

✍️

模块四

句子翻译练习②（中译英 ×6，强制用复合句）

▼

📌 硬性要求：下面每句必须用到指定的从句或衔接词，不能只写简单句。写完自查三件事——时态、介词、三单（回炉那三坑别再踩）。

1

努力学习的学生往往在未来能获得更好的机会。

要求：用 who 定语从句｜提示词：work hard / opportunities

📝 看参考答案

Students who work hard tend to gain better opportunities in the future.

2

尽管网络课程很方便，但它无法完全取代面对面教学。

要求：用 although 让步从句（别再加 but）｜提示词：online courses / replace / face-to-face

📝 看参考答案

Although online courses are convenient, they cannot fully replace face-to-face teaching.

3

因为政府取消了学费，大学入学人数在2015年显著上升。

要求：用 because 原因从句 + 过去时｜提示词：abolish tuition fees / enrollment / rise significantly

📝 看参考答案

Because the government abolished tuition fees, university enrollment rose significantly in 2015.
⚠️ abolished / rose 都要过去时——2015 是过去的年份。

4

德国是一个大学教育免费的国家，这吸引了许多国际学生。

要求：用 where 定语从句 + 非限定 which ｜提示词：free / attract international students

📝 看参考答案

Germany is a country where university education is free, which attracts many international students.

5

除非家长以身作则，否则孩子很难养成良好的阅读习惯。

要求：用 unless 条件从句｜提示词：set an example / develop reading habits

📝 看参考答案

Unless parents set a good example, children can hardly develop good reading habits.

6

早期教育为孩子打下坚实的基础，因此它值得政府大力投资。

要求：用 therefore/as a result 衔接 + 三单｜提示词：lay a solid foundation / worth investing in

📝 看参考答案

Early education lays a solid foundation for children; therefore, it is well worth heavy investment from the government.
⚠️ education 单数 → lays 加 s。

📈

模块五

带着做：给剑9线图写"总体趋势段"

▼

💡 今天升级：上次课我们认了趋势词，这次开始动笔写一段。看下面这张剑9线图（美国能源消费），我们只写一件事——Overview（总体趋势段）：不写具体数字，只概括最大的走势和对比。

题目：剑桥雅思9 Test 4 · 能源消费线图

The graph below gives information from a 2008 report about consumption of energy in the USA since 1980 with projections until 2030.
（图表来自2008年报告，展示美国自1980年起的能源消费，并预测到2030年。）

第1步：先说"看图说了三句大白话"（中文）

1️⃣ 所有能源的消费量总体都在上升（预测也继续升）。
2️⃣ 石油（Petrol & Oil）始终最高，太阳能/风能始终最低。
3️⃣ 到2030年，各能源之间的差距进一步拉大。

第2步：把大白话"翻译"成 Overview 段（带着写）

Overall, it is clear that the consumption of all energy sources was expected to rise over the whole period. Petrol and oil remained the most consumed source throughout, while solar and wind stayed the lowest. Moreover, the gap between different sources was projected to widen by 2030.

🔑 拆给你看，这段用了什么：
· 开头必用 Overall / In general 领起总趋势段
· while（对比让步）连"最高 vs 最低"两方
· Moreover（递进衔接）加第三点
· 预测部分用 was expected to / was projected to（因为报告是2008年做的预测，站在过去看未来 → 过去将来）

第3步：现在轮到你写（写完直接导出，发老师批改）

📝 动手写：用"Overall + 全体大方向 + while 连最高最低 + Moreover 补一点"的黄金公式，把上面三句大白话改写成你自己的 Overview 段（3–4 句即可）。写完后先在框里自查：预测态对不对、while 用对没、首字母大写没。确认无误就填姓名、点导出，把 txt 直接发给我批改。

✍️ 你的剑9线图 Overview 段

学生姓名：

0 词 / 0 字

🎯 今日任务：照着"三句大白话 → Overview 段"的套路，在上面的写作框里动笔写一遍。记住总趋势段的黄金公式：
Overall + 全体大方向 + while 连最高最低 + Moreover 补一点。

✍️ 雅思写作第2课

📝 课后任务

🤖 每日英文写作表达补充（用元宝或其他AI助手的定时功能）

💡 思考题