雅思写作第1课：写作全景与评分标准

项目	Task 1（小作文）	Task 2（大作文）
题型	图表描述（线图/柱图/饼图/表格/地图/流程图）	议论文（观点/讨论/优缺点/报告）
字数	≥ 150 词	≥ 250 词
建议时间	20 分钟	40 分钟
权重	1/3	2/3
建议写几段	3–4 段	4–5 段

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模块二

评分标准四维度破译

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💡 核心认知：考官按四个维度独立打分，每项 0–9 分，四项取平均 = 写作总分。想冲 6.0–6.5，先把每项都稳在 6，再想办法让其中一两项够到 7。

四维度速查表

维度	全称	考什么	6分 vs 7分关键差距
TR	Task Response 任务回应	是否回应题目所有问号、立场是否清晰、论点是否切题	6分：有立场但论证不充分 7分：立场清晰 + 全篇论证展开充分
CC	Coherence & Cohesion 连贯与衔接	段落逻辑、句子之间衔接、信息推进	6分：有分段，衔接词机械 7分：分段清晰 + 衔接自然推进
LR	Lexical Resource 词汇资源	词汇量、用词准确度、同义替换、搭配	6分：能完成任务，用词够用 7分：少量不常见词 + 搭配准确
GRA	Grammatical Range & Accuracy 语法广度与准确	句式多样性、语法错误率	6分：有复合句，但有错 7分：多种复合句 + 大部分无错

TR（任务回应）详解

考官会看三件事：

检查点	6分要求	7分要求
立场	有，但可能不够一贯	全篇一贯清晰
论点	有，但展开不充分（1-2句就完了）	每个论点展开 3-4 句，有举例或因果
题目回应	部分回应，可能漏了某个问号	所有问号全部回应

❌ 5分长这样：立场模糊（开头说同意，中间又说也有道理），论点跟题目关系不大，或者只写了一半题目要求的内容。

CC（连贯与衔接）详解

考官会看三件事：

检查点	6分要求	7分要求
分段	有分段，但逻辑可能不太清晰	每段一个明确主题，分段干净
句间衔接	靠 However / Moreover 硬塞	用代词（this/such/some）+ 语义自然推进
信息推进	信息堆砌，前后句关系不紧	每句都从上一句自然延伸

❌ 5分长这样：段落之间没有过渡，每段开头都是 "Firstly / Secondly / Thirdly"，但内容上并没有真正的递进关系。

LR（词汇资源）详解

考官会看三件事：

检查点	6分要求	7分要求
词汇量	话题相关词汇够用	有少量不常见词/低频搭配
准确度	基本准确，有搭配错误	搭配准确，用词精准
同义替换	偶尔替换，但重复较多	主动替换，避免重复

❌ 5分长这样：通篇 good / bad / important / big / a lot of，没有话题专用词，拼写错误多处。

GRA（语法广度与准确）详解

考官会看两件事：

检查点	6分要求	7分要求
句式多样性	有复合句（定语从句/状语从句）	多种复合句混用 + 偶尔有倒装/强调
错误率	有错但不影响理解	大部分句子无错

❌ 5分长这样：通篇简单句，时态混乱，主谓不一致，冠词乱用或不用。

范文对照：同一道题，5分 / 6分 / 7分长什么样

题目：Some people think that university education should be free for everyone. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
（翻译：有人认为大学教育应该对所有人免费。你在多大程度上同意或反对？）

下面是三个版本的开头段 + 第一个主体段开头几句，感受差距 👇

5 分

问题：立場模糊、论点不展开、词汇基础、全简单句、有语法错

I think university education is very important. It is good for everyone. Some people say it should be free. I agree with this. Because university is very expensive. Many people don't have money. They can't go to university. This is not good. University can help people get good job. So I think it should free.

6 分

改善：有立場、有论点、开始用复合句、有话题词，但论证还不够深

It is widely believed that university education should be provided free of charge to all students. I largely agree with this view, although I understand that completely free education may create financial pressure on governments. The main reason why I support free university education is that it promotes equal opportunities. When education is free, students from low-income families can also receive higher education, which allows them to change their future. For example, in some Nordic countries, university education is free, and as a result, social mobility is higher than in many other countries.

7 分

再升级：立場一贯、论证充分展开、衔接自然、用词精准、句式多样

The question of whether higher education should be universally free has sparked considerable debate. While I acknowledge the financial burden this would place on governments, I firmly believe that tuition-free universities are essential for fostering genuine social mobility and cultivating a well-educated workforce. The strongest argument in favour of free tertiary education lies in its potential to dismantle economic barriers. When tuition fees are abolished, students from disadvantaged backgrounds are no longer deterred from pursuing degrees solely by cost. This, in turn, allows talent to surface regardless of socioeconomic status. A compelling example can be found in Germany, where the abolition of tuition fees has coincided with a notable increase in enrollment among first-generation university students — a trend that plainly illustrates how removing financial obstacles can broaden access to higher education.

🎯 差距感总结：5→6 的关键 = 把立場立住 + 开始用复合句 + 用话题词。6→7 的关键 = 每个论点充分展开（举例+因果+深化）+ 衔接自然不靠However硬塞 + 用词精准有搭配 + 句式混用。

小测一下：评分标准知多少

Q1. 雅思写作总分中，Task 2 的权重是多少？

A. 1/3

B. 2/3

C. 1/2

D. 3/4

Q2. 一个学生每段开头都硬塞 "Moreover"，但论点之间没有真正的逻辑推进。这主要扣哪个维度？

A. TR

B. CC

C. LR

D. GRA

Q3. 7分范文和6分范文比，TR上最大的差别是？

A. 7分用词更难

B. 7分每个论点充分展开（举例+因果+深化）

C. 7分段落更多

D. 7分立场更模糊

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模块三

词汇补充①：教育类高频话题词

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这些词会用在哪里 ↓

教育类真题举例（这些题在雅思考场上反复出现）：

1. Some people think that university education should be free for everyone. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

2. Some people believe that students should study only academic subjects, while others think they should also learn practical skills. Discuss both views.

3. In some countries, schools encourage students to specialize in a narrow field from a young age. Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?

4. Some people think that schools should focus on exam results, while others believe children should learn for the sake of learning. Discuss both views.

5. University students should be required to attend all their classes. Do you agree or disagree?

💡 看到了吗？上面每一道题，你都想说"学习""培养""重要""好处""坏处"——但如果你只会 good / bad / important / learn，考官会觉得词汇太基础。下面这 12 个词，就是让你把嘴边的口语词换成书面词。记住一句话：想到口语词的时候，就换成下面这些。

核心词汇表（学习与成长方向）

acquire knowledge /əˈkwaɪər/

获取知识

Students acquire knowledge not only from textbooks but also from hands-on experience.

🔁 想到 learn something → 就用 acquire knowledge（learn 太口语，acquire 更书面准确）

foster creativity /ˈfɒstə/

培养创造力

Project-based learning can foster creativity and problem-solving skills.

🔁 想到 develop / build creativity → 就用 foster creativity（foster 比 develop 更地道）

cultivate a skill /ˈkʌltɪveɪt/

培养技能

It is essential for schools to help students cultivate independent thinking skills.

🔁 想到 learn a skill / get a skill → 就用 cultivate a skill（cultivate 更书面，强调长期养成）

lay a solid foundation

打下坚实基础

Early education lays a solid foundation for children's future development.

🔁 想到 help...at the beginning → 就用 lay a solid foundation for（比 give a good start 更地道）

broaden one's horizons

开阔眼界

Traveling and reading can broaden students' horizons beyond the classroom.

🔁 想到 make...see more / open eyes → 就用 broaden one's horizons（固定搭配，写作高频）

develop critical thinking

发展批判性思维

Debating competitions are an effective way to develop critical thinking.

🔁 想到 make...think better → 就用 develop critical thinking（考官爱看到的搭配）

enhance academic performance /ɪnˈhɑːns/

提升学业表现

Adequate sleep can significantly enhance students' academic performance.

🔁 想到 make...study better → 就用 enhance academic performance（比 improve grades 更正式）

rote learning /rəʊt/

死记硬背（贬义，写作常用作反面）

Rote learning may help pass exams, but it fails to develop real understanding.

🔁 想到 remembering things by heart / memorize → 就用 rote learning（教育类话题专用词）

tailor education to /ˈteɪlə/

为……量身定制教育

Schools should tailor education to each student's individual needs and talents.

🔁 想到 make education fit everyone → 就用 tailor education to（比 adapt to 更精准）

well-rounded

全面发展的（修饰人/教育）

A well-rounded education balances academics, arts, and physical activities.

🔁 想到 all-around / general → 就用 well-rounded（形容教育或人最地道的词）

instill (values) in /ɪnˈstɪl/

向……灌输（价值观）

Parents and teachers should instill a sense of responsibility in children from an early age.

🔁 想到 teach...values → 就用 instill values in（比 teach 更形象，强调潜移默化）

drop out of school

辍学

Students from low-income families are more likely to drop out of school due to financial pressure.

🔁 想到 leave school / quit school → 就用 drop out of school（固定表达，教育类必备）

同义替换速记（good → ?）

基础词	替换词（6–7分水平）	示例搭配
good	beneficial / advantageous	be beneficial to students
bad	detrimental / harmful	be detrimental to development
important	crucial / vital / essential	play a crucial role in
big	substantial / significant	a substantial number of
help	facilitate / assist	facilitate the learning process
learn	acquire / pick up	acquire a new language

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模块四

短语补充：数据描述基础短语

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💡 这一组短语是小作文的"地基砖"：不管什么图型，描述数据变化都要用到它们。今天先认读，强化课第5课会展开讲搭配。先看一道真题长什么样 👇

真题示范：剑桥雅思9 Test 4 线图

The graph below gives information from a 2008 report about consumption of energy in the USA since 1980 with projections until 2030.
（翻译：下面的图表来自一份2008年报告，给出了美国自1980年起的能源消费情况，并对2030年做出预测。）
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.

下面是题目原图（简化版，3条主要能源线）：

📌 这道题你会怎么写？看到下面这些"走势"，你脑子里就要蹦出对应短语：
• Petrol & Oil 一路上升到峰值 → rise steadily / peak at / experience a steady increase • Coal 稳步上升 → grow gradually / rise steadily • Hydropower 保持在低位稳定 → remain stable at / stay constant at a low level • Petrol & Oil 和 Hydropower 之间差距很大 → a substantial gap / significantly higher than

🎯 这就是为什么今天要先认这组短语：它们就是描述这张图的"工具"。认识了它们，下次拿到线图你就知道怎么开口。

趋势 + 幅度短语组

含义	短语	例句
……的上升	a rise in / an increase in	There was a sharp rise in sales from 2010 to 2015.
……的下降	a decline of / a drop in	The chart shows a steady decline of 30%.
占比……	account for / make up	Renewable energy accounted for 25% of total supply.
由……组成	consist of / be composed of	The committee consists of ten members.
达到峰值	peak at / reach a peak of	Visitors peaked at 8,000 in July.
降至低点	drop to / fall to a low of	Prices fell to a low of $2 in March.
保持稳定	remain stable at / level off at	Unemployment remained stable at 5% throughout the year.
经历变化	experience a change / undergo	The industry experienced a dramatic change over the decade.

程度副词搭配（副词+动词）

幅度	上升用	下降用
剧烈	rise sharply / soar	plunge / plummet
显著	increase significantly / considerably	decline significantly / considerably
稳步	rise steadily / grow gradually	fall steadily / decrease gradually
轻微	rise slightly / edge up	drop slightly / edge down
保持	remain stable / stay constant	remain stable / stay constant

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模块五

句子翻译练习①（中译英 ×5）

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项目制学习能够培养学生的创造力和解决问题的能力。

提示词：project-based learning / foster / problem-solving skills

📝 看参考答案

Project-based learning can foster students' creativity and problem-solving skills.

早期教育为孩子未来的发展打下了坚实的基础。

提示词：early education / lay a solid foundation / future development

📝 看参考答案

Early education lays a solid foundation for children's future development.

死记硬背可能有助于通过考试，但无法培养真正的理解力。

提示词：rote learning / pass exams / fail to / real understanding

📝 看参考答案

Rote learning may help students pass exams, but it fails to cultivate real understanding.

学校应当把教育量身定制成适合每个学生个人需求和天赋的样子。

提示词：tailor education to / individual needs and talents

📝 看参考答案

Schools should tailor education to each student's individual needs and talents.

充足的睡眠能显著提升学生的学业表现。

提示词：adequate sleep / significantly / enhance academic performance

📝 看参考答案

Adequate sleep can significantly enhance students' academic performance.

图形走样子	上升趋势	下降趋势	描述
陡升 / 陡降	soar / surge / rocket	plunge / plummet	幅度极大
显著升 / 显著降	rise sharply / increase significantly	fall sharply / decline significantly	幅度明显
稳步升 / 稳步降	rise steadily / grow gradually	fall steadily / decrease gradually	幅度中等持续
轻微升 / 轻微降	edge up / rise slightly	edge down / drop slightly	幅度小
保持不变	remain stable / stay constant / level off		水平横线
忽上忽下	fluctuate / experience fluctuations		波浪线

📚 雅思写作第1课

📝 课后任务

🤖 每日英文写作表达补充（用元宝或其他AI助手的定时功能）

💡 思考题