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托福口语 · 第二课

听后复述(Listen & Repeat)前四句话精讲
教师:赵日
📋 前4句 · 基础到进阶 🏫 8大校园场景 📍 介词短语专项 ⚠️ 10大避坑指南
1前4句话概览

七句话整体结构

题号难度音节数作答时间句子特征
第1句简单9-118秒短陈述句,起步温和
第2句简单9-118秒短陈述句,和第一句相近
第3句中等14-1610秒含介词短语或并列
第4句中等14-1610秒含时间/地点状语
第5-7句困难14-2310-12秒含复合介词/从句(第三课讲)

💡 本课重点:把前4句话吃透,拿满这4题是冲击高分的基础。

前4句话的核心任务

🎯 听懂 — 每个词都听清楚,尤其是介词、数字、复数

🧠 记准 — 瞬时记忆抓住句子主干 + 细节

🗣️ 复述对 — 发音准确、节奏自然、不漏词不加词

前4句基本是单层结构,不涉及条件句/从句嵌套,重点在听准 + 说准

2八大校园场景 · 前四句话范例

只展示每场景的前4句(第5-7句在第三课讲解)。点击句子可展开中文意思。

📚 场景 1 — 图书馆

"Welcome to the main campus library."
"Our collection includes over two million printed volumes."
"The quiet study area is located on the third floor."
"You can borrow up to ten books at a time with your student ID."

① 欢迎来到主校区图书馆。

② 我们的馆藏包括超过两百万册印刷书籍。

③ 安静学习区位于三楼。

④ 你一次最多可以借十本书,需要学生证。

🏠 场景 2 — 宿舍

"Welcome to the residence halls on campus."
"Each building has laundry machines in the basement."
"Room assignments for the fall semester will be posted online next Friday."
"Quiet hours begin at ten o'clock every night and last until eight in the morning."

① 欢迎来到校园里的宿舍楼。

② 每栋楼在地下室都有洗衣机。

③ 秋季学期的房间分配将于下周五在线上公布。

④ 安静时间从每晚十点开始,持续到早上八点。

🍽 场景 3 — 食堂

"The main cafeteria is located in the student center building."
"Breakfast is served from seven to ten o'clock every morning."
"Today's lunch special includes grilled chicken, a side salad, and a bottle of water."
"Students with a meal plan can swipe their ID card to enter the dining area."

① 主食堂位于学生中心大楼里。

② 早餐每天早上七点到十点供应。

③ 今天的午餐特餐包括烤鸡、一份沙拉和一瓶水。

④ 有餐饮计划的学生可以刷学生证进入用餐区。

🏋 场景 4 — 体育馆 / 运动中心

"The campus recreation center is open from six in the morning until midnight."
"The swimming pool opens at six in the morning for early lap swimming."
"Students can sign up for group fitness classes at the front desk or through the mobile app."
"The indoor basketball courts are reserved for team practice until five o'clock on weekdays."

① 校园娱乐中心从早上六点开放到午夜。

② 游泳池早上六点开放,供早间游泳使用。

③ 学生可以在前台或通过手机APP报名参加团体健身课。

④ 室内篮球场在工作日晚上五点前预留给球队训练。

📋 场景 5 — 课程注册流程

"Course registration for next semester opens next Monday."
"You can view the course catalog on the student portal."
"All students must meet with their academic advisor before enrolling in classes."
"You can search for available courses by department, time slot, or instructor name."

① 下学期课程注册下周一开放。

② 你可以在学生门户网站上查看课程目录。

③ 所有学生在选课之前必须和学术顾问会面。

④ 你可以按系别、时间段或教师姓名搜索可选课程。

🗺 场景 6 — 校园导览

"Welcome to today's campus tour for new students."
"The tour will last about forty-five minutes."
"The building on your right is the science laboratory, completed just last year."
"The student union is directly across from the library and offers a variety of student services."

① 欢迎参加今天为新同学准备的校园导览。

② 导览大约持续四十五分钟。

③ 你们右手边的建筑是科学实验室,去年才完工。

④ 学生会就在图书馆正对面,提供各种学生服务。

🏥 场景 7 — 校医院 / 健康中心

"The campus health center is located behind the recreation center."
"We are open from eight in the morning until five in the afternoon on weekdays."
"Appointments can be booked online up to one week in advance."
"A valid student ID is required for all services, including flu shots and routine checkups."

① 校园健康中心位于娱乐中心后面。

② 我们工作日上午八点到下午五点开放。

③ 预约可以提前最多一周在线上预约。

④ 所有服务都需要有效的学生证,包括流感疫苗注射和常规体检。

📖 场景 8 — 校园书店

"Welcome to the campus bookstore."
"We are located on the ground floor of the student center."
"All required textbooks for the semester are available at the back of the store."
"Students can sell back their used textbooks at the end of each semester for up to fifty percent of the original price."

① 欢迎来到校园书店。

② 我们位于学生中心的一楼。

③ 本学期所有必修课本在商店后方有售。

④ 学生可以在每学期结束时退回用过的课本,最高可获得原价的50%。

3方位表达 & 介词短语专项

前4句中方位介词出现频率极高,是这4题能否复述准确的关键。

📍 地点介词 — 最核心的区分

介词用法真题例句
in在大空间/范围内"located in the student center building"
on在表面/楼层/道路上"located on the third floor"
at在具体地点/位置点"swipe your ID card at the front desk"
behind在……后面"located behind the recreation center"
across from在……正对面"directly across from the library"
next to在……旁边"next to the main entrance"
between … and …在……和……之间"between the library and the dorm"
through通过/用(方式)"book through the online portal"
🎯 课堂小练习:介词填空

直接看句子,填出正确的介词:

① located ___on the third floor

② swipe ___at the front desk

___(无介词) behind the recreation center(behind本身就是介词)

④ from six ___in the morning

👉 点击空白处查看答案

⏰ 时间介词 — 格式要统一

介词用法真题例句
from … to …从……到……(时间段)"from seven to ten o'clock"
until直到……(结束点)"open … until midnight"
at具体时间点"at six in the morning"
on星期/日期"on weekdays" / "on Friday"
during在……期间"during the first week"
before / after在……之前/之后"before enrolling in classes"

💡 ETS音频用口语格式(six in the morning),不要换成书面格式(6 AM),节奏对不上。

➡️ 方向介词

to
去往……(目的地)
from
来自……(起点)
toward(s)
朝着……方向
past
经过……
into
进入……(内部)

出现在导览类场景中较多,如:"walk past the science lab, then turn toward the library."

🗺 常用方位短语汇总(来自前4句)

地点类

on the right/left
在右边/左边
on the third floor
在三楼
in the basement
在地下室
at the front desk
在前台
behind the …
在……后面

时间类

from … to …
从……到……
at … o'clock
在……点钟
in the morning/afternoon
在早上/下午
until …
直到……
on weekdays/weekends
在工作日/周末
📝 课堂小测 · 介词短语专项(50题)

以下练习分三部分,点击各按钮展开。建议课堂当堂完成,或作为课后作业布置。

✍️ 根据中文提示,在横线上填入正确的方位介词短语。填完后大声朗读整句,注意短语的连读和重音。

1 The library is ____________ the cafeteria.
📝 中文提示:图书馆在食堂前面
2 My dorm is ____________ the science building.
📝 中文提示:我的宿舍紧挨着科学楼。
3 There's a coffee shop ____________ the street.
📝 中文提示:街对面有一家咖啡店。
4 The gym is ____________ the campus, near the east gate.
📝 中文提示:健身房在校园里面,靠近东门。
5 I left my bag ____________ the desk.
📝 中文提示:我把包忘在桌子下面了。
6 The notebook is ____________ the textbook and the pencil case.
📝 中文提示:笔记本在课本和笔袋之间
7 Our classroom is on the third floor, ____________ the stairs.
📝 中文提示:我们教室在三楼,楼梯口旁边
8 The bus stop is just ____________ the school gate.
📝 中文提示:公交站在校门口外面
9 She put the key ____________ her pocket.
📝 中文提示:她把钥匙放进了口袋
10 There's a park ____________ the lake.
📝 中文提示:湖周围有一个公园。
👉 显示第11–20题(进阶方位)
11 The restaurant is ____________ the corner of Main Street and 5th Avenue.
📝 中文提示:餐厅在 Main 街和第五大道的拐角处
12 My friend lives ____________ the second floor of that apartment building.
📝 中文提示:我朋友住在那栋公寓的二楼
13 The children are playing ____________ the tree.
📝 中文提示:孩子们在树底下玩。
14 There's a small garden ____________ the building.
📝 中文提示:大楼后面有一个小花园。
15 The cat is hiding ____________ the sofa.
📝 中文提示:猫躲在沙发后面
16 I saw her walking ____________ the hallway.
📝 中文提示:我看见她沿着走廊走。
17 The hotel is ____________ the beach, so it has a great view.
📝 中文提示:酒店面朝海滩,所以风景很好。
18 We met ____________ the entrance of the museum.
📝 中文提示:我们在博物馆入口处见面。
19 The paintings are hung ____________ the wall, just ____________ the door.
📝 中文提示:画挂在墙上,就在门上方
20 I'll wait for you ____________ the information desk.
📝 中文提示:我会在问讯处旁边等你。

✅ 参考答案(展开查看):点击显示

① in front of ② next to ③ across from ④ inside ⑤ under ⑥ between … and … ⑦ next to / close to ⑧ outside ⑨ into ⑩ around ⑪ on the corner of ⑫ on ⑬ under ⑭ behind ⑮ behind ⑯ along ⑰ facing / opposite ⑱ at ⑲ on / above ⑳ next to / by

✍️ 根据中文提示,选择最合适的介词短语。选出答案后,大声朗读整句。

21 The supermarket is ____________ the bank and the post office.
📝 中文提示:超市在银行和邮局之间
22 I put the phone ____________ my bag before the class started.
📝 中文提示:上课前我把手机放进了书包
23 There is a bakery ____________ from the bus station.
📝 中文提示:公交站对面有一家面包店。
👉 显示第24–40题
24 She is standing ____________ line to buy a ticket.
📝 中文提示:她正排在队伍里买票。
25 The headphones are ____________ the chair. Can you see them?
📝 中文提示:耳机在椅子下面,你看到了吗?
26 Walk ____________ this road and turn left at the traffic lights.
📝 中文提示:沿着这条路走,在红绿灯处左转。
27 The swimming pool is ____________ the ground floor of the hotel.
📝 中文提示:游泳池在酒店一楼
28 I'll meet you ____________ the elevator on the 4th floor.
📝 中文提示:我在四楼电梯旁边跟你碰面。
29 The plane is flying ____________ the city right now.
📝 中文提示:飞机正在城市上方飞行。
30 You can park your bike ____________ the building, near the entrance.
📝 中文提示:你可以把自行车停在大楼里面,靠近入口处。
31 There's a beautiful view ____________ the window of my room.
📝 中文提示:透过我房间的窗户能看到很美的风景。
32 The children ran ____________ the gate as soon as it opened.
📝 中文提示:大门一开,孩子们就冲过了大门。
33 My house is the one ____________ the red door.
📝 中文提示:我家是那栋红色门的房子。
34 Let's sit ____________ the table near the window.
📝 中文提示:我们坐在靠近窗户的那张桌子吧。
35 The school is ____________ the river, so we can walk there.
📝 中文提示:学校河很近,我们可以走过去。
36 She placed the flowers ____________ the center of the table.
📝 中文提示:她把花放在桌子中央
37 I saw a strange bird ____________ the roof of the library.
📝 中文提示:我看见图书馆屋顶上有一只奇怪的鸟。
38 The dog is running ____________ the fence in the backyard.
📝 中文提示:狗正沿着后院的围栏跑。
39 Please write your name ____________ the top of the page.
📝 中文提示:请把你的名字写在页面顶部
40 We walked ____________ the bridge to get to the other side of the river.
📝 中文提示:我们走过桥,到了河对岸。

✅ 参考答案(展开查看):点击显示

②① (B) between ②② (B) into ②③ (A) across ②④ (A) in ②⑤ (B) under ②⑥ (B) along ②⑦ (C) on ②⑧ (A) next to ②⑨ (A) above ③0 (B) inside
③① (A) through ③② (B) through ③③ (A) with ③④ (A) at ③⑤ (B) close to ③⑥ (B) in ③⑦ (A) on ③⑧ (B) along ③⑨ (C) on ④0 (A) across

✍️ 根据中文句子,用英文翻译出来,翻译时必须用到指定的介词短语。写完后大声朗读你的句子!

41
📝 中文句子:超市在银行前面
⚡ 必须用到:in front of
42
📝 中文句子:我的座位紧挨着教室门口。
⚡ 必须用到:next to
43
📝 中文句子:餐厅在图书馆对面
⚡ 必须用到:across from
44
📝 中文句子:咖啡机在冰箱和微波炉之间
⚡ 必须用到:between ... and ...
45
📝 中文句子:我的书包椅子后面
⚡ 必须用到:behind
46
📝 中文句子:猫正底下睡觉。
⚡ 必须用到:under / underneath
47
📝 中文句子:有一家便利店街道拐角处。
⚡ 必须用到:on the corner of
48
📝 中文句子:我们在博物馆入口处见面吧。
⚡ 必须用到:at the entrance of
49
📝 中文句子:阳光透过窗户照进房间。
⚡ 必须用到:through
50
📝 中文句子:我的公寓离学校很
⚡ 必须用到:close to / far from

✅ 参考答案(展开查看):点击显示

④① The supermarket is in front of the bank.
④② My seat is next to the classroom door.
④③ The restaurant is across from the library.
④④ The coffee machine is between the fridge and the microwave.
④⑤ My bag is behind the chair.
④⑥ The cat is sleeping under the bed.
④⑦ There is a convenience store on the corner of the street.
④⑧ Let's meet at the entrance of the museum.
④⑨ Sunlight comes through the window into the room.
⑤0 My apartment is close to the school.

💡 练习小贴士:每个短语至少大声朗读 3遍,注意连读(如 next to 读作 /nekstə/)。翻译题写完对照中文检查意思是否准确。尽量用自己真实的生活场景造句,更容易记住!

4前4句高频句型

以下句型在前4句中反复出现,学会模板后听到类似结构可以秒反应。

句型 1
X is located in / on / at Y.
X 位于 Y。(介绍地点最常用句型)

真题例句:

• "The quiet study area is located on the third floor."

• "The main cafeteria is located in the student center building."

句型 2
X opens from A to B (until B).
X 从 A 开放到 B。(介绍开放时间)

真题例句:

• "The campus recreation center is open from six in the morning until midnight."

• "Breakfast is served from seven to ten o'clock every morning."

句型 3
Welcome to X.
欢迎来到 X。(几乎所有场景的开场句)

真题例句:

• "Welcome to the main campus library."

• "Welcome to the residence halls on campus."

• "Welcome to today's campus tour for new students."

句型 4
You can + V + (prepositional phrase).
你可以……(说明规则或功能,非常高频)

真题例句:

• "You can borrow up to ten books at a time with your student ID."

• "You can view the course catalog on the student portal."

• "You can search for available courses by department."

句型 5
X is served / offered / available + (location/time).
X 被提供/可在……获得。(被动语态,描述服务)

真题例句:

• "Breakfast is served from seven to ten o'clock."

• "Vegetarian and vegan options are available at every meal."

• "Appointments can be booked online up to one week in advance."

句型 6
Students with X can / must + V.
有 X 的学生可以/必须……(说明权限或要求)

真题例句:

• "Students with a meal plan can swipe their ID card to enter."

• "Students with a food allergy should speak with the dining hall manager."

句型 7
X includes Y.
X 包括 Y。(列举内容)

真题例句:

• "Our collection includes over two million printed volumes."

• "Today's lunch special includes grilled chicken, a side salad, and a bottle of water."

句型 8
A is directly across from / next to B.
A 就在 B 正对面/旁边。(方位描述)

真题例句:

• "The student union is directly across from the library."

• "The campus health center is located behind the recreation center."(变体)

5课堂练习(5种形式)
练习 A · 介词填空

给出不完整的句子,填入正确的方位介词。点击空白处显示答案。

1. The quiet study area is located ____ the third floor.
2. You can swipe your ID card ____ the front desk.
3. The health center is located ____ the recreation center.
4. Breakfast is served ____ seven ____ ten o'clock.
5. You can book ____ the online portal.
6. The tour will last ____ forty-five minutes.
练习 B · 句型转换(中→英)

给出中文意思,套用学到的句型模板说出英文。

中文:游泳池每天早上六点开放。
→ 套用"X opens from A to B":
"The swimming pool opens at six in the morning."
中文:主食堂位于学生中心大楼里。
→ 套用"X is located in/on Y":
"The main cafeteria is located in the student center building."
中文:学生可以在前台报名团体健身课。
→ 套用"You can + V + 介词短语":
"Students can sign up for group fitness classes at the front desk."

④ 中文:欢迎来到校园书店。→ "Welcome to the campus bookstore."

⑤ 中文:课程注册下周一开放。→ "Course registration opens next Monday."

⑥ 中文:你有餐饮计划吗?可以刷学生证进入。→ "Students with a meal plan can swipe their ID card to enter."

练习 C · 听写复述(模拟考试)

老师扮演ETS音频,读句子后学生立即复述。分两档难度:

🟢 第1-2句难度(8秒内复述)

• "Welcome to the main campus library."

• "Each building has laundry machines in the basement."

• "The tour will last about forty-five minutes."

🟡 第3-4句难度(10秒内复述)

• "The quiet study area is located on the third floor."

• "You can borrow up to ten books at a time with your student ID."

• "Quiet hours begin at ten o'clock every night."

👉 课堂操作:老师读1遍(模拟ETS只放1次),学生听完立刻复述,不给他们准备时间。

练习 D · 方位描述(口语输出)

老师展示一张简单的校园地图(或在白板画),学生用学过的介词短语描述各建筑位置。

示例输出:
"The library is on the left side of the campus."
"The student center is directly across from the library."
"The gym is behind the student center."
"The dorm is next to the gym."

👉 拓展:让学生互相提问"Where is the …?",对方用完整句子回答。

练习 E · 混合挑战(真题随机抽)

随机抽取8个场景中前4句的任意一句,学生听完立即复述。模拟真实考试的不可预测性。

点击上方按钮,每次随机抽取一句话 ↓

6避坑指南 — 前4句话10大失分点

以下痛点全部来自真实学生错误数据。日哥上课时可以挑着讲,不用全讲。

⚠️ 坑1:数字听错/记错
"over two million printed volumes"
❌ 学生常错:说成"two hundred"或"two thousand"(数字量级听错)
❌ 学生常错:"up to ten books" 说成 "tin" 或 "tan"(弱读听错)
❌ 学生常错:"twenty-four hours" 说成 "twenty four" 分开读,节奏拖慢
✅ 对策:数字出现在句尾或介词后,听到时要刻意记忆,复述时先保证数字对。
⚠️ 坑2:介词 in / on / at 混淆
"located on the third floor" — 说成 "located in the third floor"
"swipe at the front desk" — 说成 "swipe in the front desk"
❌ 原因:三个音在快速口语里很难区分,学生没听懂就瞎猜
✅ 对策:专项练习介词填空 + 造句,巩固at/in/on的区别
⚠️ 坑3:冠词 the / a 漏掉或加错
"Welcome to the main campus library." — 漏掉 the
"swipe their ID card" — 多加 the(这是泛指,不该加)
❌ 规律混乱:专有名词/特指设施前要加 the,泛指不要加
✅ 对策:记住"the + 建筑物/特指区域","a + 首次提到单数可数名词"
⚠️ 坑4:过去分词 -ed 吞音导致漏词
"located /ˈləʊkeɪtɪd/" — -ed 弱读成 /ɪd/,学生听成 "locate"(漏掉 -ed)
"will be posted /pəʊstɪd/" — -ed 弱读,学生复述时漏掉 posted
"are reserved /rɪˈzɜ:vd/" — -ed 浊化,学生听不准
❌ 原因:-ed 在快速口语中弱读甚至失去爆破,学生听不到就复述不出来
✅ 对策:训练"听-ed尾音",特别注意 posted / located / reserved 这三个高频词
⚠️ 坑5:连词 and 重读,节奏生硬
"...a side salad, and a bottle of water" — 正确弱读:/ən/
❌ 学生常错:把 and 读成重读的 /ænd/,听起来像机器人
✅ 对策:提醒学生,列举时的 and 要弱读,和"实词重读"的节奏感配合
⚠️ 坑6:长词重音位置错,可懂度掉分
collection /kəˈlekʃən/ — 重音在第2音节,学生常放在第1音节
available /əˈveɪləbl/ — 重音在第2音节,学生常放在第1音节
recreation /ˌrekriˈeɪʃən/ — 重音在第3音节,容易读错
registration /ˌredʒɪˈstreɪʃən/ — 重音在第3音节
✅ 对策:把前4句里的学术词汇单独挑出来,做重音标记练习
⚠️ 坑7:时间表达格式不统一
正确:"from seven to ten o'clock"
❌ 学生常错:换成书面格式 "from 7 AM to 10 AM",节奏对不上
✅ 对策:ETS音频用口语格式,学生复述时要保持同样格式,不要"翻译"成书面语
⚠️ 坑8:复数 -s 弱读听不到,复述时漏掉
"laundry machines" — -s 弱读,学生听成 "machine"(单数)
"two million printed volumes" — -s 弱读,学生漏掉
"group fitness classes" — -es 读 /ɪz/,学生听不到
✅ 对策:训练"听复数尾音",尤其是 -s 在/清辅音后读 /s/,-es 读 /ɪz/ 的情况
⚠️ 坑9:同音词/近音词混淆
"third floor /flɔ:/" — 发音不准听起来像 "flour /flaʊər/"(面粉)
"residence halls /hɔ:lz/" — 发音不准听起来像 "holes /həʊlz/"
❌ 原因:元音发音不准,导致整个词意思变了
✅ 对策:重点纠正 floor/flour、hall/hole 这两组,其他同音词(right/write)不影响口语评分
⚠️ 坑10:句子节奏被打乱(最重要)
正确节奏:"The QUIET study AREA is LOCATED on the THIRD floor."
❌ 学生常错:每个词读一样重 → 听起来像机器人,8秒内还说不完
❌ 学生常错:介词短语读得太慢 → 时间不够用(前2句只有8秒!)
✅ 对策:用彩色标记法,实词标深色(重读),虚词标灰色(弱读),让学生直观看到节奏
7课后任务

📋 每日练习计划(建议)

天数练习内容时长
第1天影子跟读:8个场景前4句,重点跟读介词短语20分钟
第2天介词短语积累卡:每天记5个方位表达(见Section 3)15分钟
第3天句型造句:用8个高频句型(Section 4)各造3个句子25分钟
第4天听写复述:用每日英语听力APP,听TED/科学60秒,复述前4句30分钟
第5天避坑自查:对照10大坑(Section 6),录自己的复述,检查有没有中招20分钟

🎯 自我评估清单

完成后打✅,没做到打❌:

□ 实词重读、虚词弱读能做到

□ 介词 in/on/at 不会再混淆

□ 数字能听准、说准

□ 过去分词 -ed 不会再漏掉

□ 连词 and 能弱读

□ 长词重音位置正确

□ 复数 -s 不会再漏

□ 整体节奏自然,不像机器人

如果以上有3个以上打❌,建议重温本课对应章节。

📱 推荐使用资源

  • 每日英语听力APP:搜索"campus tour"或"university orientation",做影子跟读
  • TED演讲:选教育/校园类话题,跟读并积累方位表达
  • 科学美国人60秒:语速快,训练数字听辨能力
  • TPO听力片段:校园场景部分,做听写练习